5. Name any one Khadar area of Delhi and Explain why is it so fertile?
Answers
Answer:
Khādir or Khadar and Bāngur (Hindi language: खादर और बांगर, Urdu languageکهادر اور بانگر) are terms used in Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and Sindhi in the Indo-Gangetic plains of North India and Pakistan to differentiate between two types of river plains and alluvial soils. Bangur and Kadir areas are commonly found in the doab regions. Some villages may have both Khadar and Bangar areas within their revenue boundaries. Bhangar soils are less fertile as they are above flood level whereas Khadar soils are more fertile as they are below flood level. Bhanger is full of kankers(lime module) and khadar soil is composed of fine silt & clay.
Contents
Khadar and Bangar Edit
See also: Detailed land and revenue terminology
Khadir or Nali areas Edit
Khadir or Khadar (Hindi: खादर), also called Nali or Naili,[1] are low-lying areas that are floodplains of a river which is usually relatively narrower compared to unflooded bangar area.[2] Khadar areas are prone to flooding and sometimes include portions of former river-beds that became available for agriculture when a river changes course. It is moisture retentive and sticky when wet.[3][4] Khadir soil consists of new alluvial soil relatively higher in new silt content from the river, gets replenished with each flooding cycle,and is often very fertile.[4]
The Khadir is also called Nali in the northern Haryana which is the fertile prairie tract between the Ghaggar river and the southern limits of the Saraswati channel depression that gets flooded during the rains.[1]
Sri Sri Ravi's Art of Living Foundation World Culture Festival, 2016 (11 March) was held on Yamuna's Khadir floodplains and National Green Tribunal (NGT) recommended a fine of INR 50 million, on Art of Living Foundation for damaging ecology on Yamuna's Khadar flood plains.
Bangar areas and subtypes Edit
Bangar/Bangad/Bhangar (Hindi: बांगर) areas are beyond floodplains,[2] that lie more upland, and compared to Khadar it consists of older alluvial soil which is higher in sandy loam content.[4] Bangar area are less prone to flooding but are usually more sandy and less fertile as well.[5][6]
A Bangar area, can be further subdivided into the following based on the type of irrigation:[7][8]
Barani area are traditionally rain-fed areas.[7][8] These are any low rain area where the rain-fed dry farming is practiced.[9] Bagar tract, the dry sandy tract of land on the border of Rajasthan state adjoining the states of Haryana and Punjab,[9] is an example of Barani land. Not all the Barani lands are part of the Bagar tract. Some of Brani areas nowadays are dependent on the tubewells for irrigation wherever groundwater level is not too low,[9] hence technically they can now be termed as Chahi even though their legal classification in land revenue records may still be Barani.
Nahri is any canal-irrigated land,[1] for example, the Rangoi tract is a Nahri area because it is irrigated by the Rangoi canal made for the purpose of carrying flood waters of Ghagghar river to the dry bangar areas.[10][11] For the Nahri lands, Warabandi is a roaster of water to be drawn from a canal by each farmer for irrigating their land.[2] Chak, based on British Raj era revenue collection system, is the land revenue settlement/assessment circle marking a contiguous block of land, which has also become synonymous with the name of village founded by migrant farmers within the revenue circle.
Chahi is any land that is irrigated through wells/tube wells.[7][8] Chahi Khalis is the land irrigated only by the well.[12] Chahi Nahri is the land partly irrigated by the well and partly by the canal.[12] Chahi Sailab is the land within Kadhir areas which is partly irrigated by the well and partly by the floods.[12] Chahi Taal or Taal is land irrigated by johad (pond).
Answer:
1. Alluvial soil differs in texture because it is a transported soil deposited by rivers.
2. Black soil does not get leached because it is moisture retentive.
3. Khadar is new alluvium deposited by the rivers in their flood plains which is replenished every year. Bhangar is older alluvium found in upland area above the flood plains. Bangar is older alluvium which is not renewed by the floods.