5 page of practical coppy about local self government achivement function
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Answer:
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
During the ancient Hindu period, the villages enjoyed autonomy and were governed by
the panchayats which exercised administrative and judicial powers. These village bodies
received a setback under the Muslim rule and almost disappeared in their old form under
the British, confining their authority only to the social life of the village community. The
annexation of territory and over centralization of administration during the early British
period brought about total extinction of traditional institutions of local self-government
in India.
The events of 1857, however, had an eye-opening and softening influence on the British
rulers and the subsequent years saw numerous steps being taken for decentralization
and to usher in local government in the rural and urban areas. The first legal provision
for the rural areas was the passing of N.W.P. and Oudh local Rates Act, 1871, followed
by the local Boards Act, 1883 which provided for the establishment of district and tahsil
boards. The N.W.P. and Oudh Municipalities Act, 1883, gave greater autonomy and
financial powers to the municipalities allowing them to contribute towards education
from their own funds, in addition to their functions as before relating to sanitation,
drainage, lighting, public health and regulation of markets. The most outstanding feature
of the U.P. Municipalities Act, 1916, was the introduction of the system of communal and
minority representation in the municipal boards and separate seats were to be allotted
to the Hindus called general, Muslims and scheduled Castes. Women were also made
eligible. But the control of the government over the municipal boards including their
dissolution and suppression remained as before. There was no major change in the
constitution, powers, functions, etc. of the municipal boards till the achievement of
Independence in 1947. By an amendment made in the Act in 1949, communal
representation in the communal representation in the municipal elections was
abolished, leaving only two categories namely the general and the scheduled Castes and
thus, the method of election was democratized. Another amendment in 1953, changed
the nomenclature of chairman of the board to president and provided for his direct
election on an experimental basis. However, later on, indirect elections were
reintroduced and the municipal area was divided into wards which elected the members.
Explanation:
Answer:
Local self-government means that residents in towns, villages and rural settlements are the hosts in their own home. People elect local councils and their heads authorising them to solve the most important issues.
Local self-government bodies are responsible for school and pre-school education, primary healthcare (outpatient clinics, rural health posts), cultural institutions, amenities – street lighting, roads, cleaning, public order and many other important day-to-day issues.
The essence of the reform is to empower hromadas – residents of towns, villages, rural settlements – to independently solve all these issues
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