5. Short answer questions:
(a) What is pietra-dura?
(b) How many types of temple architecture were popular in the medieval period? What were their names
(c) What are the main features of the Red Fort built by Shah Jahan in Shahjahanabad?
(d) Mention the monuments built by the Tughlaq Sultans.
(e) Name any two architectures built by the Rashtrakuta rulers.
Answers
Answer:
1.Pietra dura, (Italian: “hard stone”), in mosaic, any of several kinds of hard stone used in commesso mosaic work, an art that flourished in Florence particularly in the late 16th and 17th centuries and involved the fashioning of highly illusionistic pictures out of cut-to-shape pieces of coloured stone.
2.The three types are- Nagara, Vesara and Dravida. Nagara style temples are found in Northern India, Vesara style temples in region between Vindhyas and the river Krishna and Dravida style temples are found between Godavari and Krishna rivers.
3.The Red Fort Complex was built as the palace fort of Shahjahanabad – the new capital of the fifth Mughal Emperor of India, Shah Jahan. Named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone, it is adjacent to an older fort, the Salimgarh, built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546, with which it forms the Red Fort Complex
4.Tughlaqabad Fort is a ruined fort in Delhi, built by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, the founder of Tughlaq dynasty, of the Delhi Sultanate of India in 1321, as he established the third historic city of Delhi, which was later abandoned in 1327.
5.The Rashtrakuta contributions to art and architecture are reflected in the splendid rock-cut cave temples at Ellora and Elephanta, areas also occupied by Jain monks, located in present-day Maharashtra.
Answer:
1)Pietra dura are coloured, hard stones placed in depressions, carved into marble or
sandstone creating beautiful ornate patterns
2)Ancient Indian temples are classified in three broad types. This classification is based on different architectural styles, employed in the construction of these temples. The three types are- Nagara, Vesara and Dravida. Nagara style temples are found in Northern India, Vesara style temples in region between Vindhyas and the river Krishna and Dravida style temples are found between Godavari and Krishna rivers.
3)The Red Fort Complex was built as the palace fort of Shahjahanabad – the new capital of the fifth Mughal Emperor of India, Shah Jahan. Named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone, it is adjacent to an older fort, the Salimgarh, built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546, with which it forms the Red Fort Complex.
4)Tughlaqabad Fort is a ruined fort in Delhi, built by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, the founder of Tughlaq dynasty, of the Delhi Sultanate of India in 1321, as he established the third historic city of Delhi, which was later abandoned in 1327.
5)The Rashtrakuta contributions to art and architecture are reflected in the splendid rock-cut cave temples at Ellora and Elephanta, areas also occupied by Jain monks, located in present-day Maharashtra.
Explanation:
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