Question

5. State the reasons and results of Plassey war.
6. What were the results of Battle of Buxar?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Battle of Plassey

Taking advantages of the confusion and disorder that prevailed in the Mughal Empire after the death of Aurangzeb, Murshid-Quli Khan, the Mughal governor of Bengal in 1717, declared his independence and ruled over it with uncommon ability. Upon his death in 1727 he was succeeded by his son-in-law, Shuja-ud-din Muhammad Khan. Suja-ud-din was succeeded by his son Sarfaraz Khan but due to his inability he was killed and was succeeded by Alivardi Khan. Alivardi Khan died on 21st April, 1756 and was succeeded by his grandson, Siraj-ud-daula.

Various causes leading to the Battle of Plassey: By the time when Siraj-ud-Daulah became the new Nawab of Bengal , both French and English were strengthening their respective fortifications in an expectation of war that may likely occur between them due to the seven years war(1756-1763) that broke out between them in Europe. When Siraj-ud-Daulah forbade them to fortify their settlements, the French readily obeyed while the English flatly refused.

Secondly, The servants of the East India Company misused their Commercial privileges acquired from the Mughal Emperor through 'Royal Farman(Firman) of 1717', according to which the English Company could carry on trade in Bengal duty-free. This privileges was misused by the Company's Servants for their private trade and not only that, they sometimes even sold these Passes or Dastaks to their friendly native traders which cost the Nawab's treasury so dear.

Thirdly, The English fully exploited the discontentment of the Hindus against the tyrannical rule of the Muslim and instigated them against the Nawab and had even given shelter to them. Once, Siraj demanded the surrender of one of his bitterest enemy, Krishna Das to him, the latter flatly refused. Thus, being provoked Siraj marched to Calcutta and seized the English Factory at Kasimbazaar and then occupied Fort William on 20th June,1756. Siraj then returned back to Murshidabad, leaving Calcutta under the charge of one of his Officer, Manikchand.

COURSE OF THE WAR: The famous Battle of Plassey was fought on 23rd June, 1757 between the English under Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal. When the war begun, Mir Jafar and Rai Durllabh with their large armies stood a silent spectators, while a small force under Mir Madan and Mohanlal only fought against the English. Mir Madan  fell fighting in the Battle Field while Mohanlal was forced to retreat.

When all entreaties of the Nawas to Mir Jafar to come to action proved fruitless, he was unnerved and was forced to flee the battle field.  Siraj  was pursued and was captured four days later and was put to death at the order of Miran, son of Mir Jafar. Thus, the battle was over. The Battle of Plassey  was infact, a mere Skimish,  for the Engish only lost 29 men while the Nawab lost nearly 500.

RESULTS: The Battle of Plassey  proved to be one of the most decisive battle in Modern Indian History, not only because of any feats of Valour shown, but because it produced far-reaching effects.

1). It made the English the master of Bengal from where they overran Indian Sub-Continent within the next hundred years. It provided them with the key to conquer the whole India.

2). Mir Jafar was made the Nawab of Bengal.

3). Mi Jafar got the Nawabship through treachery and this had adversely affected the administration of the province, where loyalty disappeared and treachery prevailed everywhere.

4). The English got huge sums of money froms the Nawab to the tune of some Rs.1,7396,761 by draining the treasury of Bengal.

5).Apart from the monetary gains, the English gots the territory of 24 Pargan. It was mainly from the resources of Bengal, that the English were able to oust their European rivals, including the French from India.

Battle of Buxar

The Battle of Buxar reduced the power and position of Shuja-ud-daula, the Nawab Wazir of Oudh. After his defeat at Buxar he acknowledged the supremacy of the British. He was forced to pay an amount of rupees fifty lakhs to the company as compensation.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

Causes of the Battle of Plassey

The reasons why the Battle of Plassey took place were mainly:

• Rampant abuse of trade privileges granted to the British by the Nawab of Bengal
• Non-payment of taxes and duties by employees of the British East India Company

• Fortification of Calcutta by the British without the permission of the Nawabs
• Misleading Nawab on various fronts by the British
• Asylum was granted to the Nawab's enemy Krishna Das

Apart from the British gaining political power in North India, but only after the Nawabs, there were several other effects in many forms that came out as a result of the Battle of Plassey. They can be categorized as:

• Political effects
• Economic effects

Results of Battle of Plassey war

Political effects

• The Battle of Plassey ended with the end of the French forces.
• Mir Jafar was crowned as the Nawab of Bengal
• Mir Jafar was unhappy with this position and incited the Dutch to attack the British to consolidate their base.
• The Battle of Chinsur was fought between Dutch and British forces on 25 November 1759.
• The British installed Mir Qasim as the Nawab of Bengal.
• The British became the major European power in Bengal.
• Robert Clive was titled "Lord Clive", Baron of Plassey and also won a seat in the British House of Commons.

Economic effects

• India's economy was severely affected.
• After the victory, the British started imposing strict rules and regulations on the people of Bengal in the name of tax collection.

Results of Battle of Buxar

When the battle broke out in 1763, the British won successive victories at Katwah, Murshidabad, Giria, Saoty and Munger. Mir Kasim fled to Awadh (or Oudh) and formed a confederation with Shuja-Ud-Daulah (Nawab of Awadh) and Shah Alam II (Mughal Emperor). Mir Qasim wanted to get Bengal from the English. Read the progress of the battle in the points below:

• Mir Qasim fled to Oudh
• He planned a confederation with Shuja-Ud-Daula and Shah Alam II in a final effort to overthrow the English from Bengal
• In 1764, Mir Qasim's soldiers met the units of the English army commanded by Major Munro.
• Mir Qasim's united armies were defeated by the British.
• Mir Qasim fled the battle and the other two surrendered to the English army.

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