5. study the past methodically by using the evidences discovered. RNA
Answers
Answer:
Numerous key discoveries in biology have emerged from studies of RNA (ribonucleic acid), including seminal work in the fields of biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, molecular evolution and structural biology. As of 2010, 30 scientists have been awarded Nobel Prizes for experimental work that includes studies of RNA. Specific discoveries of high biological significance are discussed in this article.
For related information, see the articles on History of Molecular Biology and History of Genetics. For background information, see the articles on RNA and nucleic acid.
Explanation:
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The discovery of RNA may be described chronologically as follows;
Between 1890 and 1950
RNA was found to be distinctly different from DNA. This was noted by its sensitivity towards alkaline caused by an additional OH-group on the ribose
Nucleic acids were isolated from various organisms.
Between 1951 and 1965
During this time the RNA types that are useful in protein synthesis were identified. Messenger RNA (mRNA) as the carrier of genetic information, transfer RNA (tRNA) acting as the physical link between mRNA and protein, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) present in ribosomes for protein synthesis were identified.
Between 1966 and 1975
Transfer RNAswere sequenced and identified. The typical clover leaf shape of the tRNA was identified.
X ray crystallography was used to know the shape of RNA
Between 1976 and 1985
In 1976, Walter Fiernd his team determined the first complete nucleotide sequence of an RNA virus genome, that of bacteriophageMS2.
Between 1986 to 2000
Editing and modifications of RNA in the cell was discovered.
Maintenance of chromosomal ends using RNA templates intelomerases was discovered.
From 2000 to present
Small RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression by post-transcriptional gene silencing were discovered
Long non-coding RNA regulating gene expression was found. The first one was termedXist.