Question

5. What are stomata? How does it help in photosynthesis?
1. Lichens are a composite of which two organisms? What type of nutritional relationship exists here!
2. How rhizobium helps to replenish the soil nutrients?
3. How do bacteria and fungi play a vital role in keeping our environment clean?
4. What do the term host and parasite mean? Explain giving example of a plant.
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Answer 1

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1) Stomata help in the gas exchange because of which the photosynthesis in plants takes place. Photosynthesis is the process in which the plants take in carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen as a waste product. When the air temperature rises the stomata opens the pores to let carbon dioxide in.

2) A lichen is a composite organism that emerges from algae or cyanobacteria living among the filaments (hyphae) of the fungi in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. The fungi benefit from the carbohydrates produced by the algae or cyanobacteria via photosynthesis.

3) Rhizobium live naturally within the soil. When a host legume is present, it makes the rhizobium aware of its presence by sending out a chemical signal (via flavonoids and isoflavonoids) from the root. This attracts the rhizobium bacteria, which responds by sending out signals of its own, known as Nod factors.

4) The microorganisms decompose dead organic wastes of plants and animals converting them into simple substances. These substances are again used by other plants and animals. Thus, microorganisms can be used to degrade the harmful and smelly substances and thereby cleans up the environment.

5) A parasitic plant is a plant that derives some or all of its nutritional requirement from another living plant. Alternately, plants like Cuscuta and Orobanche connect only to the phloem of the host (phloem-feeding). This provides them with the ability to extract water and nutrients from the host.

Answer 2

Answer:

5)Stomata are the tiny openings present on the epidermis of leaves. We can see stomata under the light microscope.Stomata allow a plant to take in carbon dioxide, which is needed forphotosynthesis. They also help to reduce water loss by closing when conditions are hot or dry. Stomata look like tiny mouths which open and close as they assist in transpiration.

1)Symbiotic relation. A lichen is a composite organism that emerges from algae or cyanobacteria living among the filaments (hyphae) of the fungi in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. The fungi benefit from the carbohydrates produced by thealgae or cyanobacteria via photosynthesis.

2)Rhizobium helps in replenishing the soil nutrients by converting the atmospheric nitrogen into the solube form which plant can use. ... Nitrogen is very important for the plant as it helps in the growth of the plant. Rhizobium is an microbe present in the root nodules of the leguminous plant.

Explanation:

3)The microorganisms decompose dead organic wastes of plants and animals converting them into simple substances. These substances are again used by other plants and animals. Thus,microorganisms can be used to degrade the harmful and smelly substances and thereby cleans up the environment.

4)Parasitic plant, plant that obtains all or part of its nutrition from another plant (the host) without contributing to the benefit of the host and, in some cases, causing extreme damage to the host. The defining structural feature of a parasitic plant is the haustorium, a specialized organ that penetrates the host and forms a vascular union between the plants.HOST CAN BE REFERED TO AS A VICTIM WHOSE FOOD SUPPLY IS STOLEN BY APARASITE WHO LEECHES FOOD FROM OTHER ORGANISM.The parasites included in medical parasitology are protozoa, helminthes, and some arthropods

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