5. What are the contributions of the Arabs to the medieval science?
Answers
Answer:Today, in almost every aspect of our daily lives, we are indebted in many ways to the Arab contributions to the sciences. The vast contributions, scholarly achievements and innovations of the Arab/Muslim era to world civilization encompassed much of the previous knowledge of the ancient civilizations of the Middle East such as Mesopotamia, Syria, the Greeks, and that of India, China and Persia. Arab and Muslim scholars would come to nourish that which existed, comment on it and then add and create fields within science that eventually would be transferred to Europe and to the rest of the world.
The common factor in all of this scientific research activity was the Arabic language, which became the universal language of science. Then during the 12th and 13th centuries these Arabic studies began to be translated into Latin. Western scholars such as Adelard of Bath, Daniel of Morley, Gerard of Cremona, Johannes Campanus, Michael Scott, Philip of Tripoli, Robert of Chester, Stephenson of Saragossa and William of Lunis were responsible for translating many of the Arab works. These were, in later centuries, to form the foundation of our modern civilization.
There was hardly a single aspect of scientific knowledge in the Middle Ages that did not have an Arab connection. And the fields were vast. The study of the heavens by Arab and Muslim medieval astronomers led to great advancements in this field. Basing their assumption on an ancient Middle Eastern hypothesis that the earth was round, astronomers calculated the circumference of the earth to be 32,844 km (20,400 mi) and its diameter 10,465 km (6,500 mi) – almost coinciding with our modern measurement. This at a time when Europeans believed that ships sailing too far into the ocean would fall off the edge of the flat earth into the sea of darkness.
Arab scientists, working in search of a formula, which would convert baser metal into gold, evolved alchemy into what later became known as chemistry. Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan, known as Geber in the West, was the most famous scientist in early chemical research and was labelled as the ‘Father of Chemistry’. Ibn Hayyan was one of chemistry’s greatest geniuses famous for writing more than 100 monumental treatises, of which 22 deal with chemistry and alchemy.
Explanation:
Answer: 1.The Arabic language, which became the world language of knowledge
2. Arab scientists' hunt for a formula that would transform baser metal into gold.
Explanation:
We are beholden to Arab contributions to science in nearly every facet of our everyday lives today. The Arabic language, which became the world language of knowledge, was the unifying force in all of this scientific study effort. These Arabic studies were then translated into Latin in the 12th and 13th centuries. Alchemy evolved into chemistry as a result of Arab scientists' hunt for a formula that would transform baser metal into gold. Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan, sometimes known as Geber in the West, was the most well-known scientist in early chemical studies and was dubbed the "Father of Chemistry."
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