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TOEFL Jr 3.pdf
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P91
TOEFL Junior: Reading Comprehension Test
TOEFL Junior : Reading Comprehension Test 3
Read the passage . 60 - 100 minutes
Destructive Eruptions in Ancient Italian Cities
Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompell and
Herculaneum, has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions.
The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A.D. 79.
The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the coming eruption,
although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had
disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night. Early the next morning, the volcano
poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and
filling the harbor with coagulated lava.
Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained down on Pompell.
Sparks from the buming ash Ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large portions of the city
were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire, however, was not the only cause of destruction.
Poisonous sulfuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not buoyant in the
atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people.
Over the years, excavations of Pompeli and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about the
behavior of the volcano. By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects an animal specimen
scientists have concluded that the eruption changed large portions of the area's geography. For
instance, it turned the Samo River from its course and raised the level of the beach along the
Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded that Vesuvius caused
a huge tidal wave that affected the world's climate.
In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons
of victims by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening the brittle
bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been able to examine the skeletons and draw
conclusions about the diet and habits of the residents. Finally, the excavations at both Pompell
and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as Jewelry made of
bronze, which is an alloy of copper and tin. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic
consequences have provided everyone with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes
can have on the surrounding area. Today, volcanologists can locate and predict eruptions,
saving lives and preventing the destruction of other cities and cultures.​

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