6-8 features of desert soil
Answers
Explanation:
◆ Desert soils form in areas where the demand for water by the atmosphere (evaporation) and plants (transpiration) is much greater than precipitation.
◆ Deserts cover 20 to 33% of the Earth’s land surface, and can be found in the tropics, at the poles, and in between.
◆ Deserts are defined as being very dry. Not all of them are hot, or sandy. The antarctic continent is a dry, polar desert.
◆ At the south pole, it doesn't snow very often, though, blowing snow can accumulate up to 20 cm. Even though moisture levels are really low, deserts are prone to flash flooding when they recieve rain.
◆ This is what causes all of the interesting and colorful rock formations. The lack of soil moisture keeps minerals from leaching out of the soils, and can even create cement like horizons near the soil surface.
◆ Most desert soils are called Aridisols (dry soil). However, in really dry regions of the Sahara and Australian outback, the soil orders are called Entisols. Entisols are new soils, like sand dunes, which are too dry for any major soil horizon development. They also occur in floodplains after a spring flood, which is why they can occur in the desert.
◆ The desert may look dry, but it still contains a lot of living organisms. This includes a living, biological crust, whcih is formed by algae, moss, and lichens in a group. Aridisols are very fertile, however, often don't have the rainfall to sustain life. When it rains, dormant seeds wake up and form desert blooms. The permanent vegetation (like cacti and shrubs) is very well adapted to living without moisture for long periods of time.
◆ Relief and Parent materials in the desert are highly variable, depending on where the desert is. Some of the desert rock features that crumble and form entisols at the base are very steep, as are some of the dunes. Other features, like the Racetrack Playa in death valley are flat because they are old lakebeds. The soils come in all different textures, and can be deposited by wind or water.
◆ Some deserts are very old, and because of desertification, others are remarkably new. Desertification is the spreading of the deserts into areas that were not previously desert, is caused by several different things. See the desertification page for more information.
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