6: Read the passage given below and
answer the questions that follow:
Despite all the research every one of us
catches cold and most of us catch it
frequently. Our failure to control one of
the commonest of all ailments sometimes
seems ridiculous. Medical science
regularly practises transplant surgery and
has rid whole countries of such killing
diseases as Typhus and the Plague. But
the problem of common cold is unusually
difficult and much has yet to be done to
solve it. It is known that a cold is causedby one of a number of viral infections that
affect the lining of the nose and other
passages leading to the lungs but the
confusing variety of viruses makes study
and remedy very difficult. It was shown in
1960 that many typical colds in adults are
caused by one or the other of a family of
viruses known as rhinoviruses, yet there
still remain many colds for which no virus
has as yet been isolated.
There is also the difficulty that because
they are so much smaller than the
bacteria which cause many other
infections, viruses cannot be seen with
ordinary microscopes. Nor can they be
cultivated easily in the bacteriologist’s
laboratory, since they only grow within
the living cells of animals or plants. An
important recent step forward, however,
is the development of the technique of
tissue culture, in which bits of animaltissue are enabled to go on living and to
multiply independently of the body. This
has greatly aided virus research and has
led to the discovery of a large number of
viruses. Their existence had previously
been not only unknown but even
unsuspected.
The fact that we can catch a cold
repeatedly creates another difficulty.
Usually, a virus strikes only once and
leaves the victim immune to further
attacks. Still, we do not gain immunity
from colds. Why? It may possibly be due
to the fact that while other viruses get
into the bloodstream where anti-bodies
can oppose them, the viruses causing cold
attack cells only on the surface. Or it may
be that immunity from one of the many
different viruses does not guarantee
protection from all the others. It seems,therefore, that we are likely to have to
suffer colds for some time yet.
a) On the basis of your reading of the
above passage, make notes on it in points
only, using abbreviations, wherever
necessary. Also, suggest a suitable-title.
(2)
b) Write a summary of the passage in not-
Answers
Answer:
Notes:
1. Status of various ailments
1.1. Common cold – no cure to control
1.2. Cure available
1.2.1. Typhus
1.2.2 Plague
2. Reasons for no control
2.1. Viral infection – affects the lining
2.2. Caused by the family of viruses – Rhinoviruses
2.3. For certain colds – no viruses have yet been isolated
3. Viruses – a problem in identifying
3.1. Smaller than bacteria – can’t be seen by ordinary microscope
3.2. Can’t be cultivated in laboratory
3.3. Grows only in living cells of
3.3.1. Animals
3.3.2. Plants
4. Tissue culture – a recent step further
4.1. Bits of animal tissue is made to go on living
4.2. They multiply independently off from the body
4.3. Led to the discovery of a large number of viruses
4.4 Previously unknown and unsuspected
5. No immunity from the common cold
5.1. Viruses causing cold attacks
5.1.1. Surface
5.1.2. Not bloodstream
5.2. Cannot be opposed by antibodies
5.3 Immunity from one virus does not guarantee protection from others
5.4 We have to suffer the cold for some more time
Title – Common Cold – Uncommon Problem
2. Summary
It is ridiculous that we have the cure of fatal diseases like typhus and plague but medical science doesn’t have the cure for the common cold that is so prevalent and it seems that we are likely to suffer it for some time more. The reason is that it is caused by the family of viruses known as rhinoviruses. They are confusing, very small and cannot be seen with ordinary microscopes. The development of the technique of tissue culture has discovered a number of viruses. But catching a cold once doesn’t create immunity because they attack surface not the bloodstream.
Explanation:
Mark mine as brainlest please (◠‿◕)
Answer:
Title: No Control over Common Cold Notes:
1. How to control com. cold:
1.1 No cure to control it
1.2 Cure avail, for Typhus & Plague
1.3 Prob. of com. cold not yet solved
2. Reasons for cold:
2.1 It is a viral infec. that affects nose-lining
2.2 Caused by fmly. of viruses called Rhinoviruses
2.3 For certain colds no viruses hv yet bn isolated
3. Prob. of identifying viruses:
3.1 Smaller than bacteria so can’t be seen with ordinary microscopes
3.2 Cannot be easily cultivated in bacteriologists lab. v grow within the living cells of plants & animals.
4. Div. of tissue culture aided by:
4.1 bits of animal tissue go on living
4.2 multiply independently off the body
4.3 has led to the discovery of large no. of viruses
4.4 their existence previously unknown and unsuspected
5. No imm. from cold:
5.1 viruses causing cold attacks only on surface & not bloodstream
5.2 cannot be opposed by anti-bodies
5.3 imm. from one virus doesn’t guarantee protection from all
5.4 you hv to suffer from cold for some more time
♦ List of Abbreviations
Eff. – effective
com. – common
& – and
avail. – available
prob. – problem
infec. – infection
fmly. – family
hv – have
bn – been
lab. – laboratory
V – because
Dev. – development
no. – number
fm – from
imm. – immunity
Summary:
Despite having the cure to killing diseases like Typhus and Plague it seems ridiculous that medical science has not done much yet to solve the problem of common cold. This is because the study of viruses remains confusing as they cannot be seen with ordinary microscopes. Now with the development of the technique of tissue culture a large number of viruses have been discovered whose existence was earlier unknown. We keep catching cold and never become immune to it because the viruses causing cold attack only on the surface unlike other viruses tht get into the bloodstream and so can be opposed by anti-bodies.