Question

6. Read the text and answer the questions that follow: (3)
“Alongside endless military campaigns, the Marathas developed an effective administrative
system as well. Once conquest had been completed and Maratha rule was secure, revenue
demands were gradually introduced taking local conditions into account. Agriculture was
encouraged and trade revived. This allowed Maratha chiefs (sardars) like Sindhia of Gwalior,
Gaekwad of Baroda and Bhonsle of Nagpur the resources to raise powerful armies. Maratha
campaigns into Malwa in the 1720s did not challenge the growth and prosperity of the cities in
the region. Ujjain expanded under Sindhia’s patronage and Indore under Holkar.
a) Define Chauth and Sardeshmukhi. (1)
b) What enabled the Marathas to raise powerful armies? (2)

Answer 1

Answer:

chauth :

25% of the land revenue claimed by zamindars.in the Deccan this was collected by Marathas.

sardeskmuki:

9-10% of the land revenue paid by the head revenue collector in the Deccan.

Marathas raised a powerfull army with the help of the kunbis the pesant warriors. and the warrior family called deshmuks