Question

6. Write notes on any two of the following:
3 each
(a) The Bragg's equation (b) Catalysis with suitable examples
(c) Protective colloids
(d) Methods of determining order of a reaction.
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Answer 1

Answer:

Bragg Equation

Therefore, according to the derivation of Bragg's Law: The equation explains why the faces of crystals reflect X-ray beams at particular angles of incidence (Θ, λ). The variable d indicates the distance between the atomic layers and the variable Lambda specifies the wavelength of the incident X-ray beam.

Protective colloids

Protective colloid: ... The Particles of protective colloid is believed to be adsorbed by lyophobic colloidal particles and thus forms a covering over the surface of lyophobic colloidal particles. The lyophobic colloid thus behaves as lyophilic colloid and is precipitated less easily by electrolytes.