7. Answer the following questions in detail.
(1) In the modern era metal is replaced by plastics. Explain.
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One of the challenges in using thermoplastics to replace metals is that many structural parts need to be stiff and offer high impact strength. These properties were indirectly related in thermoplastics until about 50 years ago, when glass fiber was added to the polymer. This would help carry a load over a greater surface area and increase the flexural strength, stiffness, modulus, tensile, and impact strength by as much as 300% to 400%, according to Ron Hawley, the chief science officer of Integrated Composite Products Inc. (ICP). So the age of thermal plastics began.
Until the 1970s, glass was typically added during an extrusion process. There are a great deal of shear stresses involved in getting the glass fibers into the resin and making sure it is fully mixed—or wetted out—into the polymer. This would cause the glass fibers to break into relatively short lengths (typically under a millimeter). To work as reinforcement and improve performance by 300% to 400%, the fiber should have an aspect ratio of the length to diameter of about 20 to 1.
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One of the challenges in using thermoplastics to replace metals is that many structural parts need to be stiff and offer high impact strength. These properties were indirectly related in thermoplastics until about 50 years ago, when glass fiber was added to the polymer. This would help carry a load over a greater surface area and increase the flexural strength, stiffness, modulus, tensile, and impact strength by as much as 300% to 400%, according to Ron Hawley, the chief science officer of Integrated Composite Products Inc. (ICP). So the age of thermal plastics began.
Until the 1970s, glass was typically added during an extrusion process. There are a great deal of shear stresses involved in getting the glass fibers into the resin and making sure it is fully mixed—or wetted out—into the polymer. This would cause the glass fibers to break into relatively short lengths (typically under a millimeter). To work as reinforcement and improve performance by 300% to 400%, the fiber should have an aspect ratio of the length to diameter of about 20 to 1.
Hope it helps you....
Mark as Branliest.....
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