7. What do you understand by the term 'social
structure'? 12
8. How has globalisation affected the Indian
economy? Discuss. 12
Answers
7. Social structure, in sociology, the distinctive, stable arrangement of institutions whereby human beings in a society interact and live together. Social structure is often treated together with the concept of social change, which deals with the forces that change the social structure and the organization of society.
8. Due to globalization, in Indian economy it affect not only to agricultural production but also employment opportunities in the rural parts, inequality between urban & rural areas. Globalisation is conceived as a powerful transformative force responsible for a massive shake-out of nations, economies, international institutions & the whole world order. Thus, we can say that the higher the level of international corporations/transactions, the higher will be economic growth, income level & living standards the globalization process would bring. Globalisation has brought many jobs & large sums of investment to India. India’s economy has been growing at exceptional rates for the past several years & many new opportunities have opened up for India. Yet, India does remain quite poor. Most of those who profit from globalization in India are the upper classes, with many in the lower classes being displaced & suffering from miserable labor conditions.
There are numerous advantages in the shift to a global economy including the possibility to increase benefits from economies of scale. The breaking down of global barriers allows companies to benefit from the largest & cheapest workforces, raw material, & technology. Due to globalization, in many areas of the country tomato growers, potato growers & fruit growers, farmers benefited from tie-up & collaborations with ketchup, potato chips, fruit juices etc. Fishermen in Kerala have increased their incomes using mobile phones to find out the best markets where the prices are highest on each day. Lock outs & strikes have declined to insignificantly low levels because industrial labor is happy. Due to Globalization the business market in the world has no boundaries; they can market their products in any part of the world. This has involved the chances of laying hands on global market & technologies, which would definitely increase our qualities of living standards. Globalization helps Indian Entrepreneur to know more about the competitors, recent trends, Quality of products. Helps in sourcing new technology for improving their Brand Quality. Hiring competent person irrespective of the nationality. Good exposure of Indian brands to overseas market. Due to increase in healthy competition with other brands, Indian brands will be forced to improve their quality and services to the customer. It aims at increasing the production of food and improvements of the economic and social condition of farmers. It would increase efficiency of the workers. Use of seeds and heavy machines has help to increase agricultural productivity. It would improve animal husbandries would be able to import good breed of animals from the other countries. Farmers will get the privilege of the international market through export agricultural products.
Disadvantages:
Rise in demand for labor & the rise in wage rates leading to increase in costs. Too much competition in the market leading to continuous pressure on raising productivity enhancing consumer service, improving products quality in order to survive. Voluntary retirement for many public sector units. Too many sales person chasing customers. Too many cars on the road & traffic congestion. Growth of consumerism. Shortage power & infrastructure affecting industrial expansion. The farmer got the exposure to global links of markets, technology & investments, beneficial in terms of involving their yields, getting better prices & secured off take. This leads to a major dissatisfaction among under developed/developing countries where they are cut off from the rest of the world. This has also increased the chances of inferiority complex among these nations. There is a fundamental problem with globalization which will cause international tension & trade disputes without arresting the process. It may be difficult to survive for SSI and other industries which are unable to cope up with the changes due to insufficient funds. Indian Talent is being attracted towards other country due to higher salary and emoluments. Due to heavy taxation and levies in India, end products are being costly as compared to imported brands. All the multinational companies MNC’s are examples, such as pepsi , cocacola, ibm, general electric, vodafone, almost all have its business allover the world. for a MNC target market is whole world itself.