8) 3 g of a solid waste is kept in the bomb of a
calorimeter. The initial and final temperatures
of water in bucket are 21 and 26°C respectively. The
bucket wash is titrated against N/10 Na2co3 and the
titer value is 3.5 ml. Sulphur content in the solid
waste is 2 %. Parr 45C10 NI-Cr wire is used to ignite
the waste sample and 4 cm of the wire is fused. The
water equivalent of the calorimeter is 2402 cal per °C
Hydrogen content of the waste is 8 %. Calculate the
HHV and LHV of the solid waste?
2776.52 Cal/gram, 2346.97 Cal/gram
3656.52 Cal/gram, 4386.97 Cal/gram
3971.7 Cal/gram, 3568,62 kcal/kg
3346.52 Cal/gram, 2346.97 Cal/gram
Answers
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The first step in calculating the HHV and LHV of the solid waste is to determine the heat generated by the reaction of the waste sample. The heat generated by the reaction can be calculated using the following equation:
q = m * Cp * ΔT
where q is the heat generated, m is the mass of the solid waste, Cp is the heat capacity of the solid waste, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the water in the calorimeter.
Since the mass of the solid waste is given as 3g and the heat capacity of the solid waste can be assumed to be similar to that of water, which is 4.18 J/g°C, the heat generated by the reaction can be calculated as follows:
q = 3 g * 4.18 J/g°C * (26°C - 21°C) = 3 * 4.18 * 5 = 62.7 J
Next, the heat of neutralization of the Na2CO3 solution can be calculated using the following equation:
q = V * N * ΔH
where V is the volume of the Na2CO3 solution, N is the normality of the solution, and ΔH is the heat of neutralization. The heat of neutralization can be assumed to be -57.1 kJ/mol.
Since the volume of the Na2CO3 solution is 3.5 ml and the normality of the solution is N/10, the heat of neutralization can be calculated as follows:
q = 3.5 ml * N/10 * -57.1 kJ/mol = -0.0245 kJ
Finally, the heat generated by the reaction can be corrected for the heat of neutralization to obtain the actual heat generated by the reaction:
q_actual = q + q_neutralization = 62.7 J + (-0.0245 kJ) = 62.7 J - 0.0245 kJ = 62.6755 J
The HHV of the solid waste can be calculated using the following equation:
HHV = q_actual / (1 - (w_H2 / 100))
where w_H2 is the weight percentage of hydrogen in the solid waste.
Since the hydrogen content of the solid waste is given as 8%, the HHV can be calculated as follows:
HHV = 62.6755 J / (1 - (8 / 100)) = 62.6755 J / 0.92 = 68.45 J/g
The LHV of the solid waste can be calculated using the following equation:
LHV = HHV - (w_S / (100 - w_H2)) * 141.7 kJ/mol
where w_S is the weight percentage of sulfur in the solid waste.
Since the sulfur content of the solid waste is given as 2%, the LHV can be calculated as follows:
LHV = 68.45 J/g - (2 / (100 - 8)) * 141.7 kJ/mol = 68.45 J/g - 0.0282 kJ/g = 68.4218 J/g
Thus, the HHV and LHV of the solid waste are 68.45 J/g and 68.4218 J/g, respectively.
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