8. Answer the following questions.
1. What was the assumption of British historians to divide history of India?
2. How did the historians divide the past into periods?
3. How did Babur describe the term 'Hindustan?
4. Who was considered a foreigner in the past?
5. What was the importance of manuscripts?
6. How did the Jatis came into existence? How were their affairs regulated?
7. Write short notes on (i) Al-Biruni (ii) Ibn Batuta (iii) Ziya-ud-din Barani.
8. What were the major religious developments during the medieval period?
Answers
Answer:
1) The British historians divided the history of India into three periods based on the idea that the religion of the rulers was the only important historical change and that there were no other significant developments in economy, society or culture.
2)Historians divide the past into periods based on the economic and social factors which characterize them. In doing so they are faced with two problems. First, economic and social changes keep taking place hence definite boundaries cannot be drawn. Second, these periods are compared with modernity.
3)Babur gave a description of India as well in his biography. ... He wrote- “Once you cross the river Indus the country, the trees, the stones, the people and their customs are all Indian.” His first contact with India and Indians affected him adversely. He wrote- “Hindustan is a country of a few charms.
4)Any stranger who did not belong to a certain society or culture and was not a part of that particular village was regarded as a foreigner
5)They provide evidence of human activity, and as such, are generated naturally during the course of an individual's or an organization's life. Scholars often use these manuscripts, however, for purposes unrelated to the reasons the documents were created.
6)Jatis framed their own rules and regulations to manage the conduct of their members. These regulations were enforced by an assembly of elders, described in some areas as the jati panchayat. But jatis were also required to follow the rules of their villages. Several villages were governed by a chieftain.
7) (i) Al-Biruni was born in Khwarizm in present-day Uzbekistan in 973 CE. He was a learned man with knowledge of languages such as Syriac, Arabic, Persian, Hebrew and Sanskrit. He was taken to Ghazni as a hostage by Sultan Mahmud Ghazni. It was here that he developed an interest in India.
(ii) Ibn Battuta (1304 – 1368 or 1369) was a Moroccan explorer. He is known for the account of his journeys called the Rihla ("Voyage"). He travelled for nearly 30 years and covered most of the Islamic world. He also explored West Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China.
(iii) Ẕiyāʾ al-Dīn Baranī, Baranī also spelled Barni, (born 1285, India—died after 1357), the first known Muslim to write a history of India. ... He resided for 17 years at Delhi as nadim (boon companion) of Sultan Muḥammad ibn Tughluq.
8)The major religious developments during this period are seen in the Hinduism. (i) These included the worship of new deities, (ii) The construction of temples by royalty. (iii) The growing importance of Brahmanas, the priests, as dominant groups in society.
Explanation:
Please mark me as brainliest and follow me
Answer:
..3. Babur described the term Hindustan to include geography (Flora and Fauna and the culture of the people of the sub continent ..