Question

8
Describe a Transformer on the basic of following points.
(i) Labelled Diagram
(ii) Principle
(iii) Energy Losses in Transformer​

Answer 1

Answer:

A transformer is a device used in the power transmission of electric energy. The transmission current is AC. It is commonly used to increase or decrease the supply voltage without a change in the frequency of AC between circuits. The transformer works on basic principles of electromagnetic induction and mutual induction.

The idea of a transformer was first discussed by Michael Faraday in the year 1831 and was carried forward by many other prominent scientific scholars. However, the general purpose of using transformers was to maintain a balance between the electricity that was generated at very high voltages and consumption which was done at very low voltages.

Explanation: The transformer works on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction and mutual induction.

There are usually two coils, primary coil and secondary coil on the transformer core. The core laminations are joined in the form of strips. The two coils have high mutual inductance. When an alternating current pass through the primary coil, forms a varying magnetic flux as per faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction and this change in magnetic flux induces an emf (electromotive force) in the secondary coil which is linked to the core having a primary coil. This is mutual induction.

Overall, a transformer carries the below operations:

• Transfer of electrical energy from circuit to another
• Transfer of electrical power through electromagnetic induction
• Electric power transfer without any change in frequency
• Two circuits are linked with mutual induction

Transformer losses are produced by the electrical current flowing in the coils and the magnetic field alternating in the core. The losses associated with the coils are called the load losses, while the losses produced in the core are called no-load losses.

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