8. How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?
9. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
10. Describe the human alimentary canal.
11. What is the function of HCl in the stomach?
12. What is the function of amylase?
13. What does intestinal juice contain?
14. Name the enzyme that emulsifies fat in the small intestine.
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Answers
Answer:
8.It makes its way through the stomach into the small intestine, where it is digested, after the intake of food by the mouth. In the small intestine the nutrients from the digested food are absorbed into the bloodstream through small pores.
9.The digestive functions of saliva include moistening food, and helping to create a food bolus, so it can be swallowed easily. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase that breaks some starches down into maltose and dextrin. Thus, digestion of food occurs within the mouth, even before food reaches the stomach.
10.Human digestive system which is also known as the alimentary canal is a muscular tube which extends from the mouth to the anus. The parts of the human digestive system include – mouth, oral cavity, teeth, oesophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
11.HCL is an important acid in the stomach. It helps in killing bacteria and other harmful organisms. It also acts as a food preservative. Apart from that, HCL helps to convert inactive pepsinogen into pepsin for digesting proteins in our stomach.
12.Amylase is responsible for the breaking of the bonds in starches, polysaccharides, and complex carbohydrates into easier to absorb simple sugars. Salivary amylase is the first step in the chemical digestion of food.
13.Colipase is necessary, along with bile salts, to enable lipase function. Intestinal juice also contains hormones, digestive enzymes, mucus, substances to neutralize hydrochloric acid coming from the stomach and erepsin which further digests polypeptides into amino acids, completing protein digestion.
14.Lipase enzyme converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Bile is not an enzyme. However, it emulsifies the fats, breaking it down into tiny droplets.
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Answer:
8. Digestion of fat takes place in the small intestine. Fat reaches the small intestine in the form of large globules.
The liver releases bile juice which emulsifies the fat i.e. it breaks down the large globules into smaller globules thus increasing the are on which pancreatic juice called lipase acts and breaks down the globules into molecules.
The small intestine then releases juices which convert these fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol which can be used by the body.
9. Saliva contains a digestive enzyme called salivary amylase, which breaks down starch into sugar. It also moistens the food for easy swallowing.
10. The alimentary canal is mainly referred to as the pathway by which food enters our body and moves out through the anus during digestion. It is a tube-like structure which starts from the mouth and ends in the anus. The alimentary canal plays a primary role in the human digestion and is also termed as the digestive tract.
Organs of the Alimentary Canal
The main organs of the alimentary canal are:
The Mouth and Oral cavity.
Oesophagus.
Stomach.
Small intestine.
Large intestine.
11. The stomach wall consists gastric gland which secretes gastric juice for digestion of food. The gastric juice is made up of hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and other digestive enzymes, gastrin, mucus, and bicarbonates. It has a pH ranging from 1 to 2. Its low pH is essential in activating many digestive enzymes and in destroying various pathogens.
12. Amylase is responsible for the breaking of the bonds in starches, polysaccharides, and complex carbohydrates into easier to absorb simple sugars.1 Salivary amylase is the first step in the chemical digestion of food.
13. Small amounts of enzymes are found in intestinal juice: amylase, saccharase, maltase, amino peptidases, enterokinase, monoglyceride lipase, phosphatase, and nucleotidase.
14. Lipase enzyme converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Bile is not an enzyme. However, it emulsifies the fats, breaking it down into tiny droplets.
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