88Ra226 experiences three alpha decay. find the number of neutrons in the daughter elements.
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Answer:
Normally, we use the chemical symbol with the Atomic Mass (A) as the left superscript, and the Atomic Number (Z) as the left subscript. Here, let's do the following. For example, Radium (Ra), has Z = 88. Its isotope with A = 226 will be written as follows:
88-Ra-226.
Acutually, writing both Ra and 88 is redundant since Ra is always Z = 88, but this helps not having to keep handy a guide to all the Z-values.
Since we cannot write greek letters, we simply write alpha, beta and gamma for each of the three kinds of decays. Since we will also be discussing neutrinos in beta decay, we use nu to represent the lower case greek letter nu which is the symbol for neutrino.
The nucleus that decays is called the "parent" and the one that it tranforms into is called the "daughter." Here are examples of alpha decay that you will find in your text.
88-Ra-226 ---> 86-Rn-222 + 2-He-4, and
90-Th-232 ---> 88-Ra-228 + 2-He-4.
Note that we used He instead of alpha since an alpha particle is a Helium nucleus, and it is simpler in this instance to write He rather than alpha, although we will use the two symbols interchangeably. Also note how the total A-value and the total Z-value in alpha decays remains the same. Z=88 becomes Z = 86 plus Z = 2 in the first instance. In the second case, Z = 90 becomes Z = 88 plus Z = 2. Likewise, the A-values add up. Finally, note that the two examples have two different isotopes of Radium (Ra). The first shows Radium 226 decaying and the second shows Radium 228 being produced. Remember that the name of an element is given by its Z-value, but for each Z, or for a fixed number of protons (Z=number of protons) in the nucleus, there can be different numbers of neutrons (N), and, therefore, different A-values. (A=Z+N)
Now consider some examples of beta decay, also from the text. However, the text doesn't show the neutrino, but we do. As a further matter of notation, an electron will be shown as e- or beta- to remind you that its charge is negative, and so it has Z = -1. Electrons have zero proton or neutron number, so A = 0 for electrons. For neutrinos, A=Z=0, so we just write nu.
11-Na-24 ---> 12-Mg-24 + e- + nu, and
89-Ac-228 ---> 90-Th-228 + e- + nu.
Note how this works. The total number of protons plus neutrons remains the same...i.e., the total number of nucleons remains the same. Hence the total A-value in the decay remains the same, before and after decay. However, since the electron has a negative charge, to keep the total charge constant, the net positive charge of the final nucleus must increase by one unit of positive charge. The neutrino doesn't change the A or Z values. Ordinary beta decay is a process where one of the neutrons in a nucleus transforms into a proton plus an electron and a neutrino:
0-n-1 ---> 1-p-1 + e- + nu, where 0-n-1 is the neutron and 1-p-1 is the proton, in the notation we have adopted. The neutrino is a massless particle but it does carry with it both energy and momentum. The beta decay process is what we call a three body decay. Also note that the mass
Explanation:
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Answer:
1 alpha decay A-4 Z-2
3 alpha decay means A - 4×3=A-12 =226-12=214
z-2×3=Z-6=88-6=82
here ,A represents Atomic mass no
and z represents Atomic no
no of neutrons =A- Z=214-82=132
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