9 A teacher carried out a class demonstration on diffusion similar to that using ammonia (M = 17) and hydrochloric acid (M = 36.5) (Figure 1.21). However, they replaced the ammonia with methylamine (M = 31), which reacts in a similar way to ammonia (note that M is the relative molecular mass of the substance). Where would you predict the position of the smoke ring to be in this experiment? Explain your answer b Suggest other gases similar to hydrochloric acid that could replace it in this demonstration (use textbooks or the internet to find a possible acid).
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Answers
Answer:
important note is given at bottom
Primary aliphatic amines such as methylamine (CH3NH2) can be prepared from
the nucleophilic substitution reaction between a halogenoalkane and ethanolic
ammonia:
CH3Cl + NH3 → CH3NH2 + HCl
The reaction is complicated as the HCl produced can also react with any unreacted
ammonia:
NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl
The N in CH3NH2 retains its lone pair of electrons (Figure 39) and can therefore
behave as either a base and react with the HCl produced:
CH3NH2 + HCl → CH3NH3
+Cl−
or as a nucleophile and react with any unreacted chloromethane:
CH3NH2 + CH3Cl → (CH3)2NH + HCl
In the initial reaction the methyl group, –CH3, replaces one of the hydrogens in
the NH3. It is possible to substitute more than one H in the NH3,such that the
product often contains a mixture of methylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine
Explanation:
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