9. carbon compound
class 10th
1. Explain the following terms with
example.
a. Structural isomerism
b. covalent bond
c.Hetero atom in a carbon compound
d. Functional group
e. Alkane
f. unsaturated hydrocarbon
g. homopolumer
h. Monomer
i. Reduction
j. Oxydant
Answers
Explanation:
Hello
Example: Acetone
9. Carboxylic acid: The functional group present in a carboxylic acid is -COOH. The IUPAC group suffix of a carboxylic acid is –oic acid.
Example: Acetic acid
10. Amine: The functional groups present in an amine are -NH2>NH>N- The IUPAC group prefix of an amine is amino– or the suffix is –amine.
Example: Methylamine
11. Ester: The functional group present in an ester is -COOR The IUPAC group suffix of an ester is –ate.
Example: Ethyl acetate
.
e. Alkane: Alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon. It is formed, when there is sharing of one electron pair between carbon atoms in a compound. The general formula for alkane is CNH2N+2, where N is equal to no of carbon atom in a compound.
For example:
C2H6 Ethane
C3H8 propane
C4H10 butane
C5H12 pentane
C6H14 hexane
C7H16 heptane
C8H18 octane
C9H20 nonane
C10H22 decane
C11H24 undecane
f. Unsaturated hydrocarbon: An unsaturated hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon containing at least one double or triple bond.
For example:
Alkenes - These unsaturated hydrocarbons are molecules that contain at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond. With the chemical formula consisting of CnH2n. The simplest alkene is ethylene.
Alkynes - These unsaturated hydrocarbons are molecules that contain at least one carbon-to-carbon triple bond. Acetylenes are common examples of alkynes.
g. Homopolymer: A homopolymer is a polymer formed from same type of monomer units.
For examples: Polyvinylchloride (PVC), Polyethylene, Polystyrene are homopolymer.
h. Monomer: A monomer is a molecule that forms the basic unit for polymers. They may be considered as building blocks from which proteins are made. Monomers may bind to other monomer unit to form a repeating chain molecule. Monomers may be either natural or synthetic in origin.
For example: Ethylene, vinyl chloride, styrene etc.
i. Reduction:
The addition of hydrogen to a substance is called reduction.
The removal of oxygen from a substance is called reduction.
For example:
2Ag2O → 4 Ag + O2 ↑
In a reaction, silver oxide is changing to silver. That is, oxygen is being removed from silver oxide. Removal of oxygen from substance is called reduction, so silver oxide undergoes reduction.
NiO + H2 → Ni + H2O
In a reaction, Nickle oxide is changing to nickle. That is, oxygen is being removed from nickle oxide. Removal of oxygen from substance is called reduction, so nickle oxide undergoes reduction.In a reaction, hydrogen is changing to H2O. That is,oxygen is being added to hydrogen. Addition of oxygen to a substance is called oxidation, so hydrogen undergoes oxidation.
j. Oxidant:
The substance which gives oxygen for oxidation is called an oxidising agent or oxidant.
The substance which removes hydrogen is called an oxidising agent or oxidant.
For example:
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
Oxidising agent=CuO
Reducing agent= H2
Substance oxidised=H2
Substance reduced=CuO