9. Explain how soil pollution and soil erosion could be prevented.
Answers
Answer:
(A) Biological method –
(i) Crop related (ii) Forestry related.
(i) Crop related:
Crop rotation – It implies frequent succession of crop on the same portion of land in a given time-frame. Crop mixes such as wheat+mustard, Arhar+ Groundnut, maize+ cowpea etc., can be grown. Thus, after a harvest of one crop there is another growing up or covering the soil so that the soil is never bare or exposed.
Planting along the contours – Leguminous plants, cowpea and cereal crops can be grown in a particular way to check soil erosion. This helps farmers get maximum profit with least investment and increases the fertility of the soil.
Strip cropping – This reduces the velocity of water flow and prevents erosion.
Steep farming – This prevents erosion by reducing sludge. This leads to the use of hilly land for cultivation.
Crop Residues – By laying a thin layer of 10-15 cm of crop residues in farming, erosion and vaporization can be prevented. With this method, Rabi crop can be increased up to 30 percent. After a crop we should leave the stubble in the field. Then untimely rains and wind don’t destroy much.
Protector Belt – By planting trees and bush in the right angle, depending on the direction of wind along the fields, the erosion caused by wind can be stopped.
Use of fertilizers – Use of dung manure, clarinet or compost, green manure and other organic composts reduce soil erosion.
Answer:
soil erosion can be prevented by the following methods:
Afforestation
Terrace farming
Contour ploughing
Shelter belt
Contour barrier
Rock dam