9. In Ms Excel ______ symbol marks beginning of a formula.
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Microsoft Excel formulas with examples
by Svetlana Cheusheva | updated on October 9, 2020 143 Comments
Can Microsoft Excel formulas be easy to learn? Yep! This tutorial explains the very basics of Excel formulas for beginners, with detailed steps on how to write and use them. It also provides a number of advanced formula examples for experienced users. You will be amazed how simple creating formulas in Excel actually is.
If asked what Microsoft Excel is about, what would be your answer? Right, it's all about storing and crunching numbers. You can use Excel to calculate percentages and compound interest, count and sum cells based on specific criteria, find average, and even get a sample deviation of a given set of values. All this can be done by using Excel formulas.
In this tutorial, we are going to learn the basics of creating and using formulas in Excel. And because one of the most efficient ways to learn is through practice, we will also discuss a number of formulas examples to make things easier to understand. Here's a list of topics we are going to cover:
Microsoft Excel formulas - the basics
Operators used in Excel spreadsheet formulas
How to create formulas in Excel
Creating simple Excel formulas
Making advanced Excel formulas
Cell reference types (absolute, relative, mixed)
Excel formula shortcuts and tips
List of Excel formulas with examples
Microsoft Excel formulas - the basics
In MS Excel, formulas are equations that perform various calculations in your worksheets. Though Microsoft has introduced a handful of new functions over the years, the concept of Excel spreadsheet formulas is the same in all versions of Excel 2016, Excel 2013, Excel 2010, Excel 2007 and lower.
All Excel formulas begin with an equal sign (=).
After the equal symbol, you enter either a calculation or function. For example, to add up values in cells B1 through B5, you can either:
Type the entire equation: =B1+B2+B3+B4+B5
Use the SUM function: =SUM(B1:B5)
Press the Enter key to complete the formula. Done!
Microsoft Excel formulas
Elements of Microsoft Excel formulas
When you make a formula in Excel, you can use different elements to supply the source data to the formula and indicate what operators should be performed on those data. Depending on the formula type that you create, it can include any or all of the following parts:
Constants - numbers or text values that you enter directly in a formula, like =2*3.
Cell references - reference to a cell containing the value you want to use in your Excel formula, e.g. =SUM(A1, A2, B5).
To refer to data in two or more contiguous cells, use a range reference like A1:A5. For example, to sum values in all cell between A1 and A5, inclusive, use this formula:
=SUM(A1:A5).
Names - defined name for a cell range, constant, table, or function, for example =SUM(my_name).
Functions - predefined formulas in Excel that perform calculations using the values supplied in their arguments.
Operators - special symbols that specify the type of operation or calculation to be performed.
Basic elements of Excel formulas
Operators in Excel worksheet formulas
To tell Microsoft Excel what type of operation you want to perform in a formula, you use special symbols that are technically called operators. There exist 4 types of operators in Excel:
Arithmetic - to perform basic mathematical operations.
Comparison (logical) - to compare values.
Concatenation - to join text values into a single string.
Reference - to make rages and separate arguments in Excel functions.
Using arithmetic operators in Excel formulas
These operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Operator Meaning Formula example
+ (plus sign) Addition =A2+B2
- (minus sign) Subtraction
Negation (reversing the sign) =A2-B2
=-A2 (changes the sign of the value in A2)
* (asterisk) Multiplication =A2*B2
/ (forward slash) Division =A2/B2
% (percent sign) Percentage =A2*10%
(returns 10% of the value in A2)
^ (caret) Exponential (power of) =A2^3
(raises the number in A2 to the power of 3)
Symbol/Feature Description
= This is an equals sign and is used at the beginning of a formula
+ This is an addition sign and is used in sums and formulas.
- This is a subtraction sign and is used in sums and formulas.