Question

9th one pls answer.................

Answer 1

The computer as a visual medium
Some will find that the computer display is easier to see than paper based materials. It is possible to alter the appearance of the screen display, for example a larger text size can be selected or different colours used. Special screen magnification such as Supernova and Lunar software can be used to give even more control over the screen display to adapt it to meet an individual's needs. This software can also help by keeping track of events on the screen and alerting the user. This will help those who can only see a small portion of the screen clearly at any one time.
Computer software can also be used to display bright attractive moving images which can encourage children with visual impairments to make effective use of their vision.

Using speech with the computer
Computers can use speech synthesis to read text and screen contents giving visually impaired and blind users access. Adding speech support to standard software can give additional help to someone with visual difficulties. Those with very severe difficulties may require specialised speech screen reading software. Early learning software using speech and sound alongside bright pictures can motivate visually impaired children to explore and interact with their surroundings, i.e. Inclusive's SwitchIt! Scenes and SwitchIt! Patterns.

Specialised equipment for the visually impaired 
In addition to standard computer equipment there is a range of special electronic equipment designed to be used by people with a visual impairment. This includes purpose made portable Braille computers and Braille input and output devices for standard computers.

Choosing equipment and software 
Finding the correct equipment and software will involve considering the users' visual needs, what they want to do with technology and their ability to operate the equipment. Advice can be obtained from the RNIB and similar organisations, the makers of equipment and software and teachers of the visually impaired. It is sensible to start by trying to use readily available equipment, for example, by changing the text size in a word processor. Creating a good working environment is important, especially in the school classroom where the pupil may be unaware of their needs or reluctant to mention them.

Getting the environment right
An appropriate working environment is important for people with visual impairments. Correct lighting and a good working position can make it easier for them to use their vision effectively. This is particularly important for school situations where pupils may be reluctant to express their needs.

Good glare free lighting will be required for reading, while the screen will need to be away fro m direct light. The computer user may also need to be seated near to the front of the classroom. All these arrangements could also depend on the presence of a suitable power point.

Setting up a computer for someone with a visual impairment
Standard computers and software can be configured to suit individual preferences. In most cases these settings can be saved so that they take effect each time the computer and particular program is used.

Some understanding of the nature of different visual impairments is useful, if you are helping someone set up a computer don't forget to ask them what they prefer.
Settings for text sizes, fonts and colours can be used to alter the appearance of the screen and to increase its legibility. The monitor controls can be used to alter contrast and brightness. Apple Macintosh and PCs using Windows have built into their system a range of adaptations to help users with visual problems. A larger or higher quality monitor may be easier to see. An anti-glare screen may be required for some users. The working environment is important, taking into consideration such factors as monitor height, position of windows and artificial light.

 

Hope it helps.