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Answers
A variable-frequency drive (VFD) or adjustable-frequency drive (AFD), variable-voltage/variable-frequency (VVVF) drive, variable speed drive (VSD), AC drive, micro drive or inverter drive is a type of motor drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and voltage.[1][2][3][4]
VFDs are used in applications ranging from small appliances to large compressors. About 25% of the world's electrical energy is consumed by electric motors in industrial applications. Systems using VFDs can be more efficient than those using throttling control of fluid flow, such as in systems with pumps and damper control for fans. However, the global market penetration for all applications of VFDs is relatively small. [5]
Global population of motors, 2009[36]
Small General Purpose - Medium-Size Large
Power 10 W - 750 W 0.75 kW - 375 kW 375 kW - 10000 kW
Phase, voltage 1-ph., <240 V 3-ph., 200 V to 1 kV 3-ph., 1 kV to 20 kV
% total motor energy 9% 68% 23%
Total stock 2 billion 230 million 0.6 million
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