Question

A. Answer in Detail (Summative Assessment)
1. How are viruses different from other microorganisms?
2. List the different uses of microorganisms.
3. Describe the role of microorganisms in
(a) deaning of the environment and
4. Write a short note on: (a) antibiotics and (b) vaccines.
Write a short paragraph on the role of microorganisms as sources of food.
6. How do microbes enter the human body?

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Answer 1

Answer:

1.) All viruses have is a protein coat and a core of genetic material, either RNA or DNA. Unlike bacteria, viruses can't survive without a host. They can only reproduce by attaching themselves to cells. ... Also unlike bacteria, most viruses do cause disease, and they're quite specific about the cells they attack.

2.)

•    Production of dairy products: Bacteria are the key players here. ...

•    Bread Baking: A species of Streptococcus is added to the dough before making bread to bring about the required fermentation.

•    Alcoholic Drinks: ...

•    Organic acids: ...

•    Enzymes: ...

•    Steroid production: ...

•    Help in sewage treatment: ...

•    Used as insecticides:

3.) Microorganisms plays a very important role in cleaning an environment. ... Microbes play an essential role in the natural recycling of living material. All naturally produced substances are biodegradable, which means that livingorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, can break them down....

4.) Antibiotics:- An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Vaccines:- A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.

5.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a type of yeast used for making bread in the household as well as food processing industry. Microorganisms are also used to prepare some traditional drinks like Toddy. In addition to these, most common food like dosa and idly are prepared from fermented rice by some bacteria.

6.) Microorganisms capable of causing disease—pathogens—usually enter our bodies through the mouth, eyes, nose, or urogenital openings, or through wounds or bites that breach the skin barrier. Organisms can spread—or be transmitted—by several routes.

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