A. Answer the following questions in brief :
1. How can the position of a place be fixed on a map ?
2. Name the two reference lines with respect to which the distances of various places on the earth's surface
are measured.
3. Mention any two methods to find the latitude of a place.
4. State the units of measurement of latitudes and longitudes.
5. Why are lines of latitude called parallels of latitude ?
6. What is meant by meridian ?
7. 'The lines of longitude are also called meridians.' Give reason.
8. Name two important lines of latitude.
9. Mention two important properties of parallels of latitude.
10. State two important properties of meridians of longitude.
11. What is tropical zone ?
12. State the limits of the north and the south tropical zones.
13. What is the rate of change of time per degree of longitude ?
14. What is the International Date Line ?
15. How is the local time of a place fixed ?
16. What is a great circle ? Which of the parallels of latitude is a great circle ?
17. Name two countries which have more than two time zones.
Answers
Answer:
(1) The position of place is fixed in map due to latitude and longitude
(2) The two geographical reference lines are known as longitude and latitude.
(3) latitude can be calculated with reference to the zenith distance second declinition of sun
(4)The primary unit in which longitude and latitude are given is degrees (°). There are 360° of longitude (180° E ↔ 180° W) and 180° of latitude (90° N ↔ 90° S). Each degree can be broken into 60 minutes ('). Each minute can be divided into 60 seconds (”).
(5) Circles of latitude are often called parallels because they are parallel to each other; that is, planes that contain any of these circles never intersect each other. A location's position along a circle of latitude is given by its longitude. ... A circle of latitude is perpendicular to all meridians.
(6) a line that we imagine on the surface of the earth that joins the North Pole to the South Pole and passes through a particular place
स्थान विशेष के ऊपर से जाती उत्तरी और दक्षिणी ध्रुवों को मिलाने वाली एक कल्पित रेखा; याम्योत्तर रेखा
(7) Longitudes are known as meridians because in Geographical sense, meridians are great circles which are not parallel to each other but intersect each other at the North and the South Poles. ... All longitudes are great circles which meet at the Poles.
(8) Important lines of latitude:
- the equator (0°)
- the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° north)
- the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° south)
- the Arctic circle (66.5° north)
- the Antarctic circle (66.5° south)
- the North Pole (90° north)
- the South Pole (90° south)
(9) Five characteristics of the parallels of latitudes are:
- Latitude is the angular distance of a place north or south of the Equator.
- There are 180 parallels of latitudes apart from the Equator.
- Each parallel of latitude is a circle.
- Only the Equator is a Great Circle, all the rest of the latitudes are Small Circles.
(10) Important properties of meridians are- they all meet at the poles, the distance decreases as we go from the equator towards the poles, the distance between any two meridians is longest at the equator which is near about 11km, all meridians are of same length and are semi circles.
(11) Definitions of tropical zone. the part of the Earth's surface between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by a hot climate. synonyms: Torrid Zone, tropics.
(12) The tropics are the regions that lie between latitudes of “Tropic Of Cancer” and “Tropic of Capricorn”. ... The limits of the northern tropic is “Tropic Of Cancer” in the northern hemisphere at 23.43678° N and the southern tropic in the southern hemisphere at 23°26′12.4″ S.
(13) 4 minutes
(14) The International Date Line serves as the "line of demarcation" between two consecutive calendar dates. ... The International Date Line, established in 1884, passes through the mid-Pacific Ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude north-south line on the Earth.
(15) The local time of a place is fixed according the movement of Sun in Sky based on which local time is calculated. Explanation: This time is differing from the standard time. Earth is rotating on its axis and get the sunlight in the various parts of the earth
(16) The Equator is the only east-west line that is a great circle. All other parallels (lines of latitude) get smaller as you get near the poles.
(17) Large countries such as Russia and the United States observe more than one time-zone. Though France is a relatively small country, covering an area of 247,368 square miles, it observes 12 time-zones. France has the largest number of time zones in the world because its territories are spread across the globe.
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how can the position of a place be fixed on a map