A. Answer the following questions in brief :
1. What is atmospheric pressure ?
2. Name the instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure.
3. Mention any three factors affecting the distribution of pressure.
4. Name two types of barometers used for measuring atmospheric pressure.
5. Name the major pressure belts on the globe.
6. State the location of the subtropical belts of high pressure.
7. What is meant by wind ? What is the basis of naming winds as easterly or westerly?
8. Name the instrument used for measuring wind velocity.
9. Name the major planetary winds blowing on the globe.
10. Give two examples of periodic, hot local and cold local winds.
11. Mention any one feature of South-West Monsoon.
12. Name any two local winds.
13. What are variable winds ? Give two examples.
14. What is meant by a cyclone ? What type of weather is associated with a cyclone ?
15. What is an anticyclone ? What type of weather is associated with it?
16. Name any two regions where the tropical cyclones develop.
17. Give two local names of tropical cyclones and the regions where these names are popular.
18 What are Jet streams ?
19. What is the impact of Jet stream on the climate of India ?
Answers
Answer:
(1)Atmospheric pressure, also known as barometric pressure, is the pressure within the atmosphere of earth.
(2) barometer
(3) Temperature.
Altitude.
Rotation of the Earth.
(4) There are two main types of barometers: mercury and aneroid.
(5) On the earth's surface, there are seven pressure belts. They are the Equatorial Low, the two Subtropical highs, the two Subpolar lows, and the two Polar highs. Except for the Equatorial low, the others form matching pairs in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
(6) Subtropical high, one of several regions of semipermanent high atmospheric pressure located over the oceans between 20° and 40° of latitude in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth. ...
(7) When air moves in a definite direction, it is called wind. If the winds move from west to east, they are called westerlies. If they move from east to west, they are called easterlies. There are winds because there are differences in pressures. ... This is called the geotropic wind.
Answer:
1]That pressure is called atmospheric pressure, or air pressure. It is the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth. Atmospheric pressure is commonly measured with a barometer. ... Atmospheric pressure drops as altitude increases.
2]Barometers
3]Temperature.
Altitude.
Rotation of the Earth.
4]Barometer, device used to measure atmospheric pressure. Because atmospheric pressure changes with distance above or below sea level, a barometer can also be used to measure altitude. There are two main types of barometers: mercury and aneroid. Mercury barometer.
5]On the earth's surface, there are seven pressure belts. They are the Equatorial Low, the two Subtropical highs, the two Subpolar lows, and the two Polar highs. Except for the Equatorial low, the others form matching pairs in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
6]Subtropical high. Subtropical high, one of several regions of semipermanent high atmospheric pressure located over the oceans between 20° and 40° of latitude in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth.
7]When air moves in a definite direction, it is called wind. If the winds move from west to east, they are called westerlies. If they move from east to west, they are called easterlies. There are winds because there are differences in pressures. ... This is called the geotropic wind.
8]Anemometers
9]The Earth contains five major wind zones: polar easterlies, westerlies, horse latitudes, trade winds, and the doldrums. Polar easterlies are dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the east. They emanate from the polar highs, areas of high pressure around the North and South Poles.
10]sea breeze and land breeze
11]One feature of south west monsoon is that it is influenced by the mountains and relief features of the country. The mountains and relief of country is responsible for the monsoon. Different relief forms serve as obstacles in the south west monsoon. They affect it in a way that the monsoon could get changed.
12]sea breeze
13]One example is a land and sea breeze pattern. During the day, the land heats up faster than the water, the air pressure over land lowers, and winds blow from sea to land (sea breeze). At night the pattern reverses (land cools off more quickly than water), and winds blow from land to sea.
14]A cyclone, commonly known as a low, is an area of low pressure where air masses meet and rise. It typically indicates bad weather, like rain and clouds. Winds in a cyclone blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
16]Anticyclones typically result in stable, fine weather, with clear skies whilst depressions are associated with cloudier, wetter, windier conditions.
17]Tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclonesare named by various warning centers to provide ease of communication between forecasters and the general public regarding forecasts, watches, and warnings. The names are intended to reduce confusion in the event of concurrent storms in the same basin. Generally once storms produce sustained wind speeds of more than 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph), names are assigned in order from predetermined lists depending on which basin they originate. However, standards vary from basin to basin: some tropical depressions are named in the Western Pacific, while tropical cyclones must have a significant amount of gale-force winds occurring around the centre before they are named in the Southern Hemisphere.
18]Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow, meandering air currents in the atmospheres of some planets, including Earth. On Earth, the main jet streams are located near the altitude of the tropopause and are westerly winds. Their paths typically have a meandering shape.
19]The easterly jet streams cause tropical depressions during the monsoon as well as October-November months. Jet streams are fast flowing winds blowing in a narrow zone in the upper atmosphere. In winter, the subtropical westernly jet streams bring rain to the western part of India.