Question

a. Answer the following questions in brief
1. Which are the three important clusters of the tribal population?
2. What is the slash and burn technique of farming?
3. Describe the changes occured in the lifestyle of tribals in nineteenth century
4. Write any one British measure which caused a change to the tribal economies.
5. Describe the Santhal revolt in 1855-56.
6. Who was Birsa Munda? Why did he turn against the British?
vine cuestions in detail​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Northwest India.
2. South Gujarat Tribal Belt.
3. Central & Eastern Tribal Belt India.
4. Hinduization and Rajputization.
5. Slash-and-burn agriculture, method of cultivation in which forests are burned and cleared for planting. Slash-and-burn agriculture is often used by tropical-forest root-crop farmers in various parts of the world and by dry-rice cultivators of the forested hill country of Southeast Asia.
6. In many regions, tribal groups lived by hunting animals and gathering forest produce. They used many forest shrubs and herbs for medicinal purpose. They sold forest produce in the local markets. The Baigas of Central India refused to work for others.
7. Under British rule, the functions and powers of the tribal chiefs changed considerably. They were allowed to keep their land titles over a cluster of villages and rent out lands, but they lost much of their administrative power and were forced to follow laws made by British officials in India.
8. On 30 June 1855, two Santal rebel leaders, Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, mobilized roughly 60,000 Santhals and declared a rebellion against the East India Company. Soon after the declaration, the Santhals took to arms. In many villages, the Zamindars, money lenders, and their operatives were executed.
9. On the recommendation of Jaipal Nag, Birsa converted to Christianity in order to join the German Mission school. On March 3, 1900, Birsa Munda was arrested by the British police while he was sleeping with his tribal guerilla army at Jamkopai forest in Chakradharpur.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

• Contents

Northwest India.

South Gujarat Tribal Belt.

Central & Eastern Tribal Belt India.

Hinduization and Rajputization

• Slash-and-burn agriculture, method of cultivation in which forests are burned and cleared for planting. Slash-and-burn agriculture is often used by tropical-forest root-crop farmers in various parts of the world and by dry-rice cultivators of the forested hill country of Southeast Asia.
• Several factors as identified by Raha and Dubash Roy which have brought about changes in the tribal culture are: measures undertaken by the government, communication facilities, spread of education, process of urbanisation, occupational mobility, community development projects, frequent contacts with the neighbouring ...
• Under British rule, the functions and powers of the tribal chiefs changed considerably. They were allowed to keep their land titles over a cluster of villages and rent out lands, but they lost much of their administrative power and were forced to follow laws made by British officials in India.
• On 30 June 1855, two Santal rebel leaders, Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, mobilized roughly 60,000 Santhals and declared a rebellion against the East India Company. ... Soon after the declaration, the Santhals took to arms. In many villages, the Zamindars, money lenders, and their operatives were executed.
• As the movement spread the British officials decided to act. They arrested Birsa in 1895, convicted him on charges of rioting and jailed him for two years. When Birsa was released in 1897 he began touring the villages to gather support.