A brief history & development of banking in india
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The Indian Banking Starts from Bank of Hindustan Established in 1770 and it was first bank at Calcutta under European management. It was liquidated in 1830-32. Here we are sharing Some most important points related to “History of Banking in India”. Evolution of banking in India started From Bank of Hindustan in 1770, and this evolution can be divided into three different periods as follows:
Phase I: Early phase of primitive Indian banks to Nationalization of Banks in 1969
Phase II: From Nationalization of India banks in 1969 up to advent of liberalization and banking reforms in 1991
Phase III: From Indian Financial and Banking Sector Reforms 1991 onward In 1786 General Bank of India was set up.
. From the ancient times in India, an indigenous banking system has prevailed. The businessmen called Shroffs, Seths, Sahukars, Mahajans, Chettis etc. had been carrying on the business of banking since ancient times. These indigenous bankers included very small money lenders to shroffs with huge businesses, who carried on the large and specialized business even greater than the business of banks.
The origin of western type commercial Banking in India dates back to the 18th century.
2. The story of banking starts from Bank of Hindustan established in 1770 and it was first bank at Calcutta under European management.
In 1786 General Bank of India was set up.
3. Since Calcutta was the most active trading port in India, mainly due to the trade of the British Empire, it became a banking center.
Three Presidency banks were set up under charters from the British East India Company- Bank of Calcutta, Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras. These worked as quasi central banks in India for many years.The Bank of Calcutta established in 1806 immediately became Bank of Bengal.In 1921 these 3 banks merged with each other and Imperial Bank of India got birth. It is today’s State Bank of India.The name was changed after India’s Independence in 1955. So State bank of India is the oldest Bank of India.
4. In 1839, there was a fruitless effort by Indian merchants to establish a Bank called Union Bank. It failed within a decade.
5. Next came Allahabad Bank which was established in 1865 and working even today.
The oldest Public Sector Bank in India having branches all over India and serving the customers for the last 145 years is Allahabad Bank. Allahabad bank is also known as one of India’s Oldest Joint Stock Bank.
6. The Oldest Joint Stock bank of India was Bank of Upper India established in 1863 and failed in 1913.
7. The first Bank of India with Limited Liability to be managed by Indian Board was Oudh Commercial Bank. It was established in 1881 at Faizabad. This bank failed in 1958.
8. The first bank purely managed by Indian was Punjab National Bank, established in Lahore in 1895. The Punjab national Bank has not only survived till date but also is one of the largest banks in India.
9. However, the first Indian commercial bank which was wholly owned and managed by Indians was Central Bank of India which was established in 1911.
Central Bank of India was dreams come true of Sir Sorabji Pochkhanawala, founder of the Bank.Sir Pherozesha Mehta was the first Chairman of this Bank.
10. Many more Indian banks were established between 1906-1911. This was the era of the Swadeshi Movement in India. Some of the banks are Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank and Central Bank of India.
11. There was a district in Today’s Karnataka state called South Canara under the British empire. It was bifurcated in 1859 from Canara district , thus making Dakshina Kannada and Udupi district. It was the undivided Dakshina Kannada district. It was renamed as Dakshina Kannada in 1947. Four banks started operation during the period of Swadeshi Movement and so this was known as “Cradle of Indian Banking.
12. The Second Phase starts from 1935 when Reserve bank of India was established.
13. The banking sector reforms started immediately after the independence. These reforms were basically aimed at improving the confidence level of the public as most banks were not trusted by the majority of the people. Instead, the deposits with the Postal department were considered safe.
14. The first major step was Nationalization of the Imperial Bank of India in 1955 via State Bank of India Act.
State Bank of India was made to act as the principal agent of RBI and handle banking transactions of the Union and State Governments.
15. In a major process of nationalization, 7 subsidiaries of the State Bank of India were nationalized by the Indira Gandhi regime. In 1969, 14 major private commercial banks were nationalized. These 14 banks Nationalized in 1969 are as follows:
Central Bank of IndiaBank of MaharastraDena BankPunjab National BankSyndicate BankCanara BankIndian BankIndian Overseas BankBank of BarodaUnion BankAllahabad BankUnion Bank of IndiaUCO BankBank of India.
Phase I: Early phase of primitive Indian banks to Nationalization of Banks in 1969
Phase II: From Nationalization of India banks in 1969 up to advent of liberalization and banking reforms in 1991
Phase III: From Indian Financial and Banking Sector Reforms 1991 onward In 1786 General Bank of India was set up.
. From the ancient times in India, an indigenous banking system has prevailed. The businessmen called Shroffs, Seths, Sahukars, Mahajans, Chettis etc. had been carrying on the business of banking since ancient times. These indigenous bankers included very small money lenders to shroffs with huge businesses, who carried on the large and specialized business even greater than the business of banks.
The origin of western type commercial Banking in India dates back to the 18th century.
2. The story of banking starts from Bank of Hindustan established in 1770 and it was first bank at Calcutta under European management.
In 1786 General Bank of India was set up.
3. Since Calcutta was the most active trading port in India, mainly due to the trade of the British Empire, it became a banking center.
Three Presidency banks were set up under charters from the British East India Company- Bank of Calcutta, Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras. These worked as quasi central banks in India for many years.The Bank of Calcutta established in 1806 immediately became Bank of Bengal.In 1921 these 3 banks merged with each other and Imperial Bank of India got birth. It is today’s State Bank of India.The name was changed after India’s Independence in 1955. So State bank of India is the oldest Bank of India.
4. In 1839, there was a fruitless effort by Indian merchants to establish a Bank called Union Bank. It failed within a decade.
5. Next came Allahabad Bank which was established in 1865 and working even today.
The oldest Public Sector Bank in India having branches all over India and serving the customers for the last 145 years is Allahabad Bank. Allahabad bank is also known as one of India’s Oldest Joint Stock Bank.
6. The Oldest Joint Stock bank of India was Bank of Upper India established in 1863 and failed in 1913.
7. The first Bank of India with Limited Liability to be managed by Indian Board was Oudh Commercial Bank. It was established in 1881 at Faizabad. This bank failed in 1958.
8. The first bank purely managed by Indian was Punjab National Bank, established in Lahore in 1895. The Punjab national Bank has not only survived till date but also is one of the largest banks in India.
9. However, the first Indian commercial bank which was wholly owned and managed by Indians was Central Bank of India which was established in 1911.
Central Bank of India was dreams come true of Sir Sorabji Pochkhanawala, founder of the Bank.Sir Pherozesha Mehta was the first Chairman of this Bank.
10. Many more Indian banks were established between 1906-1911. This was the era of the Swadeshi Movement in India. Some of the banks are Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank and Central Bank of India.
11. There was a district in Today’s Karnataka state called South Canara under the British empire. It was bifurcated in 1859 from Canara district , thus making Dakshina Kannada and Udupi district. It was the undivided Dakshina Kannada district. It was renamed as Dakshina Kannada in 1947. Four banks started operation during the period of Swadeshi Movement and so this was known as “Cradle of Indian Banking.
12. The Second Phase starts from 1935 when Reserve bank of India was established.
13. The banking sector reforms started immediately after the independence. These reforms were basically aimed at improving the confidence level of the public as most banks were not trusted by the majority of the people. Instead, the deposits with the Postal department were considered safe.
14. The first major step was Nationalization of the Imperial Bank of India in 1955 via State Bank of India Act.
State Bank of India was made to act as the principal agent of RBI and handle banking transactions of the Union and State Governments.
15. In a major process of nationalization, 7 subsidiaries of the State Bank of India were nationalized by the Indira Gandhi regime. In 1969, 14 major private commercial banks were nationalized. These 14 banks Nationalized in 1969 are as follows:
Central Bank of IndiaBank of MaharastraDena BankPunjab National BankSyndicate BankCanara BankIndian BankIndian Overseas BankBank of BarodaUnion BankAllahabad BankUnion Bank of IndiaUCO BankBank of India.
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it started in 1770
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