a. C. 4. Answer the following in one or two sentences. What is urbanisation? b. What kind of changes are brought about due to urbanisation? How has industrialisation led to urbanisation? d. What are the social factors that lead to shift in the rural population to urban areas? What conditions in rural areas led people to move to larger cities? f. What are the advantages of urbanisation? Enlist the problems of an overcrowded city. h. Why were satellite towns useful? e. i. Name a few satellite towns in India.व्हाट इज अर्बनाइजेशन
Answers
Explanation:
a. Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.
b. Urbanisation affects the physical environment through the impacts of the number of people, their activities and the increased demands on resources. Urbanisation has negative consequences on health due mainly to pollution and overcrowded living conditions. It can also put added pressure on food supply systems.
c. Industrialization has historically led to urbanization by creating economic growth and job opportunities that draw people to cities. Urbanization typically begins when a factory or multiple factories are established within a region, thus creating a high demand for factory labor.
d. The poor economic conditions and lack of employment opportunities in villages are the main push factors that drift the rural population to the urban areas. The rural areas, which are less developed, have poor agricultural conditions and greater population pressure on land, push the surplus population to urban centres.
e. The “rural push” factors such as decline in income from agriculture, lack of alternative job, declining local economy, and denied access to basic facilities, further encourage people to move to cities. This often crystallizes into violence and conflicts and often protests against government.
f. High transportation facilities. More education opportunities. Recycling process. Internet connections will be available.
g. Overcrowding causes huge problems such as housing, congestion, unemployment, air pollution, social problems and energy tension.
h. Satellite cities are developed based on the integrated township model providing residents easy access to all comforts and infrastructure facilities that they would experience in major cities. It is a relatively new concept of urbanisation in India and has gained prominence across all major cities.