A case study of any recent human rights violation and redressal mechanisms available to prevent such instances in the future
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Answer:
The following five case studies capture the human rights reality for Palestinian communities living in or near Israel’s settlements, where tourism plays an increasingly important role in the economy.
Case Study One: Kfar Adumim – Khan al-Ahmar
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An important centre for tourism activities and accommodation in Area C of the West Bank is the Israeli settlement of Kfar Adumim, some 10km east of Jerusalem. It is home to approximately 400 settler families.
A short distance from Kfar Adumim is the Bedouin village of Khan al-Ahmar. In contrast to the modern houses in the settlement, Khan al-Ahmar is little more than a collection of tin shacks. The village is home to approximately 180 Bedouin, more than half of whom are children. Most are Indigenous refugees who were driven out of Israel after the country’s creation in 1948. The Bedouin in the OPT self-identify as Indigenous Peoples. As such, they enjoy certain special rights over the land they occupy and the natural resources they use to sustain their traditional livelihoods and way of life.
Kfar Adumim was built in 1979, more than 30 years after the Bedouin established their village. Israel built the settlement on a ridge with commanding views over the Judean desert and the Jordan Valley. The settlement is close to several tourist attractions, including the Ein Prat/Wadi Qelt Nature Reserve. This reserve is managed by a government agency, the Israel Nature and Parks Authority.
For years, Israel has been trying to relocate the residents of Khan al-Ahmar (as well as other Bedouin communities in Area C) against their wishes, to expand settlements in the region. Amnesty International, the UN and others have documented how the Israeli government has tried to force the people of Khan al-Ahmar off their land. Firstly, they have created what the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has termed a “coercive environment, which functions as a ‘push factor’”. This is intended to make the lives of the Bedouin as difficult as possible. Measures have included: refusing to connect homes to the electricity network; confiscating solar panels; failing to ensure adequate access to water; rejecting applications for building permits; demolishing structures, including homes and animal shelters; threatening further demolitions; restricting access to roads and grazing land by creating settlements; restricting access to further grazing lands by creating military areas and the Ein Prat/Wadi Qelt Nature Reserve; denying people permits to work in settlements; and failing to protect the community from intimidation and attacks by Israeli settlers.
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