Question

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 6% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 4% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell.

The cell will not change in size or shape.

The cell will shrink.

The cell will rupture.

The cell will bloat.

Answer 1

The cell will shrink.
In isotonic solutions the cell size remains the same. But when it is moved to a solution with 4% dextrose, then the solution will become hypertonic making the cell shrink.

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Answer 2

The cell will bloat(swell).

• The process here referred to is osmosis.
• Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from their region of higher concentration to their region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
• A solution is hypotonic when the solute molecules in it are less and solvent(water) molecules are more.
• A solution is hypertonic when the solute molecules are more and solvent(water) molecules are less.
• Thus, the water molecules move from hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution.
• As given in the question, the cell is isotonic to the surrounding 6% dextrose solution, which means that there will be no movement of water molecules across the cell membrane.
• The above statement suggests that the concentration of the water molecules inside the cell is same as in the 6% dextrose solution.
• The cell membrane here acts as a semipermeable membrane.
• But when it is moved to a 4% dextrose solution, the water molecules move from the 4% dextrose solution to inside the cell, making the cell to become swollen. This process is known as endosmosis.
• The water molecules will move into the cell until the concentration of water molecules in both cell and the dextrose solution becomes equal.
• If further endosmosis occurs the cell will get ruptured.

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