Question

A chemist has one solution which is 50% acid and a second which is 25% acid.

How much of ech should be mixed to make 10 liters of 40% acid solution.

Answer 1

The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to produce salt from the seawater in the coastal village of Dandi (now in Gujarat), as was the practice of the local populace until British officials introduced taxation on salt production, deemed their sea-salt reclamation activities illegal, and then repeatedly used force to stop it. The 24-days march began from 12 March 1930 and continued until 6 April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly. It gained worldwide attention which gave impetus to the Indian independence movement and started the nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement. Mahatma Gandhi started this march with 78 of his trusted volunteers. The march was over 240 miles. They walked for 24 days 10 miles a day.

The march was the most significant organised challenge to British authority since the Non-cooperation movement of 1920–22, and directly followed the Purna Swaraj declaration of sovereignty and self-rule by the Indian National Congress on 26 January 1930.[1]

Gandhi led the Dandi March from his base, Sabarmati Ashram, miles (390 km) to the coastal village of Dandi, which was located at a small town called Navsari (now in the state of Gujarat)Navsari|Dandi]] to produce salt without paying the tax, growing numbers of Indians joined them along the way. When Gandhi broke the salt laws at 6:30 am on 6 April 1930, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the British Raj salt laws by millions of Indians.[2] The campaign had a significant effect on changing world and British attitudes towards Indian sovereignty and self-rule [3][4] and caused large numbers of Indians to join the fight for the first time.

After making salt at Dandi, Gandhi continued southward along the coast, producing salt and addressing meetings on the way. The Congress Party planned to stage a satyagraha at the Dharasana Salt Works, 25 miles south of Dandi. However, Gandhi was arrested on the midnight of 4–5 May 1930, just days before the planned action at Dharasana. The Dandi March and the ensuing Dharasana Satyagraha drew worldwide attention to the Indian independence movement through extensive newspaper and newsreel coverage. The satyagrahaagainst the salt tax continued for almost a year, ending with Gandhi's release from jail and negotiations with ViceroyLord Irwin at the Second Round Table Conference.[5] Over 60,000 Indians were jailed as a result of the Salt Satyagraha.[6] However, it failed to result in major concessions from the British.[7]

The Salt Satyagraha campaign was based upon Gandhi's principles of non-violent protest called satyagraha, which he loosely translated as "truth-force"."[8]Literally, it is formed from the Sanskritwords satya, "truth", and agraha, "insistence". In early 1930 the Indian National Congress chose satyagraha as their main tactic for winning Indian sovereignty and self-rule from British rule and appointed Gandhi to organise the campaign. Gandhi chose the 1882 British Salt Act as the first target of satyagraha. The Salt March to Dandi, and the beating by British police of hundreds of nonviolent protesters in Dharasana, which received worldwide news coverage, demonstrated the effective use of civil disobedience as a technique for fighting social and political injustice.[9] The satyagraha teachings of Gandhi and the March to Dandi had a significant influence on American activists Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel, and others during the Civil Rights Movement for civil rights for African Americans and other minority groups in the 1960s.[10]

Declaration of sovereignty and self-rule

Choice of salt as protest focus

Satyagraha

Preparing to march

March to Dandi

The first 80 Marchers

Mass civil disobedience

Answer 2

Let the Solution of 50% be x litres
and 25% be y litres

• Have to make 10litres

x + y = 10 ..... ( i )

• 50% of x and 25% of y is required to make 40% of 10

$\frac{50}{100} \times x + \frac{25}{100} \times y = \frac{40}{100} \times 10$

50x + 25y = 400

( dividing by 25 from both side )

2x + y = 16 ..... ( ii )

Sub ( ii ) from ( i )

x + y - 2x - y = 10 - 16

- x = - 6

x = 6

Putting value of x in ( i )

x + y = 10

6 + y = 10

y = 4

So,

The solution used 50% is 6litres
and 25% is 4litres required for 40% of 10 litres