A convex lens of power 3 D is held in contact with a concave lens of power -1 D. A parallel beam of light is made to fall on the combination. At what distance from the combination will the beam get focused?
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S. Özyön, B. Durmu , C. Ya ar, H. Temurta , G. KuvatCopyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 7, N. 5 5841In the literature search, particle swarm optimization and improved particle swarm optimization algorithms (NAPSO, FAPSO, MPSO, IPSO, PSO, APSO, SPSO, PC-PSO, SOH-PSO, DSPSO-TSA, SA-PSO) [1]-[8], improved honey bee mating optimization algorithm (HBMO, IHBMO) [9], genetic algorithm (GA) [10], evolutionary programming (EP) [11] and fast computation evolutionary programming algorithms (QEA, IQEA) [12], mixed integer quadratic programming approach (MIQP) [13], artificial immune system optimization algorithm (AIS) [14], simulated annealing (SA), tabu search (TS) and multiple tabu search (MTS) algorithms [15], differential evolution (DE) [16] and modified differential evolution algorithms (MDE) [17], artificial bee colony optimization method (ABC) [18] and civilized swarm (CSO), society-civilization optimization algorithm (SCA) [19] and direct search method (DSM) [20] have been applied to nonlinear economic power dispatch problems with prohibited operating zones. In literature non-convex valve point effect economic power dispatch problems have been solved with many new hybrid search optimization algorithms (MSG-HS, GA-APO, NSOA, UHGA, GA-PS-SQP, FCASO-SQP, SOA-SQP) [21]-[26], differential evolution and modified differential evolution algorithms (DE, SADE-ALM, MDE, CDE) [27]-[31], particle swarm optimization and improved particle swarm optimization algorithms (PSO, APSO, GCPSO, MPSO) [32]-[36], artificial bee colony optimization method (ABC) [37], [38], evolutionary programming and improved evolutionary programming algorithms (EP, IEP) [39], genetic algorithm and improved genetic algorithm approaches (GA, IGA-MU, CGA-MU, SARGA) [40], [41], self-organizing migrating strategy and cultural self-organizing migrating strategy optimization methods (SOMA, CSOMA) [42], chaotic shuffle frog leaping algorithm (CMSFLA) [43], modified group search optimizer method (MGSO) [44], dynamic adaptive bacterial foraging algorithm (DABFA) [45], mixed integer linear programming (MILP) [46], tabu search and multiple tabu search algorithms (TS, MTS) [47], enhanced cross-entropy method (ECE) [48], artificial immune system optimization algorithm (AIS) [49], pattern search method (PS) [50] and gravitational search algorithm (GSA) [51]. In this study, the charged search system (CSS) algorithm has been used for the solution of the economic power dispatch problem with prohibited operating zones and power generation limit, and for the solution of the non-convex economic power dispatch problem with valve point effect. The CSS algorithm has been applied to both economic