Question

a couple of paragraphs on the recent problems created by Nobel Corona Virus - Covid 19 and its effects in Nepala couple of paragraphs on the recent problems created by Nobel Corona Virus - Covid 19 and its effects in Nepal

Answer 1

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Answer 2

$\huge\underline\bold\red{ANSWER}$

The recent global pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is increasingly alarming. As of 21 June 2020, there are more than 8.7 million cases worldwide, with 460 000 deaths. Nepal is not an exception to COVID-19 and is currently facing a challenge to prevent the spread of infection. The analysis of the detected cases, severity and outcomes of the cases within a country is important to have a clear picture of where the pandemic is heading and what measures should be taken to curb the infection before it becomes uncontrollable. We collected data regarding all the cases, recoveries and deaths attributed to COVID-19 in Nepal starting from the first case on 23 January to 21 June 2020. At present, COVID-19 has spread all over Nepal, with a rapid increase in the number of new cases and deaths, which is alarming in a low-income country with an inadequate healthcare system like Nepal. Although the government implemented early school closure and lockdown, the management to contain COVID-19 does not appear to be adequate. Understanding the current situation regarding COVID-19 in Nepal is important for providing a direction towards proper management of the disease.

Current situation of healthcare and present challenges in Nepal

Thanks to significant achievements made in the healthcare sector of Nepal in recent decades, the current healthcare situation is acceptable, as the major health problems of past decades—malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, respiratory diseases, typhoid, chickenpox and tetanus—are either under control or on a downward trend. However, because of the uncontrollable increase in COVID-19 cases, and because we are not fully prepared for immediate management of a huge number of people with a highly infectious disease with our inadequate budget allocation, a prompt and effective response to a highly infectious disease or a new pandemic is doubtful.

For the prevention of the spread of COVID-19, contact tracing and testing high-risk populations in the early stages of its spread is of utmost importance. As the number of cases with unknown origins started surging, contact tracing became challenging and the designated quarantine centres started to become overwhelmed, after which the government requested self-isolation of all the people who were suspected to have COVID-19. Although the government communication strategies to keep the public informed of how best to avoid infection are vital, because of the lack of proper management and follow-up to check if people were strictly following the instructions, Nepal is finding it difficult to further stop the spread of cases in the community.

Crisis management, adaptation and infection mitigation

To respond to the crisis caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic, a coordinated effort across many sectors of society is necessary. Because the treatment of COVID-19 only includes supportive therapies, attempts should be made to prevent its spread throughout society as much as possible. Government bodies should therefore be involved in the early detection, contact tracing and isolation of suspected individuals, whereas the public should be focused on following governmental guidance, including proper cough etiquette, regular handwashing and physical distancing. The severity of the restrictions should be based on the clusters of cases identified without neglecting the daily basic requirements of people's lives and well-being.

Elderly people and people with underlying disease have a higher risk of severe disease, which might require a longer hospital stay with ventilation assistance. Thus, people at high risk can reduce the risk of getting infected by following simple physical distancing and hygiene measures . In a recent review on the effectiveness of quarantine measures during severe COVID-19, it was found that quarantine can reduce the incidence of infection by 44% to 81% and deaths by 31% to 63%. Quarantine combined with other measures, such as avoiding gatherings, is more effective at reducing the spread of COVID-19 than quarantine alone. Thus, the combination of quarantine with other prevention and control measures shows the greatest effect in reducing transmission, incident cases and mortality.