Question

(a) Differentiate between alkanes and alkenes. Name and draw the structure of one member of each.; (b) Alkanes generally give clean flame. Why?(All India - 2013)

Answer 1

Alkanes and Alkenes

(a) Difference between alkanes and alkenes

Alkanes:

• It belongs to the category of open chain saturated hydrocarbons.
• The general formula of the alkanes is $C_nH_{2n+2}$.
• It is classified as a continuous chain and branched-chain alkanes.
• It contains only a single bond in its structure.
• The names of the compound belonging to this category are methane, ethane, Butane, etc.
• The structure of ethane is given in the attachment.

Alkenes:

• It belongs to the category of open chain unsaturated hydrocarbons.
• The general formula of the alkanes is $C_nH_{2n}$.
• It contains a double bond in its structure.
• Its naming is done in two ways namely common system and IUPAC system.
• The names of the compound belonging to this category are Ethene, Butene, Propene, etc.
• The structure of the ethene is given in the attachment.

(b) Alkanes generally give clean flame.

• Due to less number of carbon atoms and a single bond present in the structures, alkanes requires less amount of oxygen to burn.
• This accounts for the evolution of clean flame during the burning of alkanes.

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