Question

(a) Differentiate between analogous and homologous structures.
(b) Select and write analogous structures from the list given below:
(i) wings of butterfly and birds
(ii) vertebrate hearts
(iii) tendrils of bougainvillea and cucurbita
(iv) tubers of sweet potato and potato

Answer 1

Answer:

a. Homologous structures are similar structures in related organisms. The most important thing to remember about homologous structures is that they share common ancestry. In other words, only organisms that are somehow related to each other can have homologous structures. For example, a chimpanzee’s arm and a human’s arm are homologous structures. Both sets of arms have a similar structure and use and chimpanzees and humans share a common ancestor.

Analogous structures are similar structures in unrelated organisms. These structures are similar because they do the same job, not because they share common ancestry.

For example, dolphins and sharks both have fins, even though they aren’t related. Both species developed fins because of how (and where) they live.

b. The Analogous structures are wings of butterfly and birds and tubers of sweet potato and potato.

The Homologous structures are vertebrate hearts and tendrils of bougainvillea and cucurbita

Answer 2

(a) Difference between analogous and homologous structure.

1. Homologous structure are the structures developed from a common ancestor,while a Analogous structures are the structures of different species with similar function.
2. Homologous structure are similar in anatomy,while analogous structures are the dis-similar in anatomy.

(b) The analogous structure are-

(i) Wings of butterfly and birds.

(ii) Vertebrate heart.

(iv) Tubers of sweet potato and potato.