Question

→a) Differentiate between convergent and divergent evolution by taking one suitable example of each.
→b) Explain adaptive radiation with the help of suitable examples.

Answer 1

Answer:

a) Convergent evolution occurs as a result of two unrelated organisms existing within similar environmental conditions (note that these do not have to be similar geographically). Due to similar environmental pressures, animals adaptations appear similar. divergent evolution is the result of two organisms existing in different environmental conditions, with each organisms adaptations suiting the needs of these unique environemnts, and therefore producing two different species.

b) The process of evolution in which new species are produced from a single point and radiate in different directions is known as adaptive radiation. This is possible due to natural selection. One of the most common examples of adaptive radiation is that of Darwin's finches which he found on Galapagos islands. He observed a variety of birds on the island, all of which were formed from a single seed-eating species which landed there accidentally. Thus due to the different feeding habits, birds with a variety of beaks developed. Different birds with a difference in the availability of food developed different eating habits which helped them all to survive in that environment.

Hope it helps..

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