a) Discuss any two problems that arise in construction of index number.
b) Define full employment and write about any one social employment generation programme.
c) What is organic farming? Discuss the need of organic farming in India?
Answers
a) The following problems are faced in the construction of index number:
1. Definition of the purpose : There is no fixed purpose of an index number as every index number has its own particular uses and limitations. Hence, it is important to know what is to be measured and how these measures are to be used.
2. Selection of the base period : When comparison is to be made between different time periods or different places some points of references is to be identified, this is called the base year. This base year should not be too for or too distent. It should be free from all sorts of abnormalities or irregular fluctuations like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis etc.
b) Full employment is an economic situation in which all available labor resources are being used in the most efficient way possible. Full employment embodies the highest amount of skilled and unskilled labor that can be employed within an economy at any given time.
Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) is a credit-linked subsidy programme introduced by the government of India in 2008. PMEGP is a merger of two schemes, namely, Prime Minister’s Rojgar Yojna and Rural Employment Generation Programme. This program focuses on generating self-employment opportunities through micro-enterprise establishments in the non-farm sector by helping unemployed youth and traditional artisans.
The Ministry of MSME administers the Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP). The PMEGP Scheme is being implemented by Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) at the national level. At the State level, the Scheme is being implemented through State Khadi and Village Industries Commission Directorates, State Khadi and Village Industries Boards and District Industries Centres and banks.
c) Organic farming can be defined as a system of management and agricultural production that combines a high level of biodiversity with environmental practices that preserve natural resources and has rigorous standards for animal welfare.
The organic farming process is more eco-friendly than conventional farming. Organic farming keeps soil healthy and maintains environment integrity thereby, promoting the health of consumers. Moreover, the organic produce market is now the fastest growing market all over the world including India.