A essay a lonng in communicable
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Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Communicable diseases spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person. The spread often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid. The terms infectious and contagious are also used to describe communicable disease according to the Global Health webpage. The amount of infectious diseases in Liberia is slowly crippling the country. One of the major killers in Liberia happens to be Malaria, which accounts for the most mortalities. To my surprise, I had no idea Malaria was a communicable due to the fact that the definition of a communicable disease infers that it is contagious. However, worldwide Malaria is on the list of one of the most serious communicable diseases. According to The World Fact Book, the major infectious diseases are broken down into sections based on how they are contracted. They believe the degree of risk is very high. When regarding the Food or Waterborne infections, the main killers would happen to be bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever. When regarding the vector borne infections, the main killers happen to be malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever. When regarding the water contact diseases, the only disease that is listed on the world fact book that is prevalent in Liberia would be schistosomiasis. When regarding the aerosolized dust or soil contact diseases in Liberia, the most prevalent would be Lassa fever.
Communicable diseases are the main cause of health problems in Ethiopia. According to the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, communicable diseases accounted for most of the top ten causes of illness and death in 2008/09. As you can see in Table 1.1, most causes of outpatient visits are due to communicable diseases.
By contrast, the numbers affected by some communicable diseases can undergo a sudden increase over a few days or weeks, or the rise may continue for months or years. When a communicable disease affects a community in this way, it is referred to as an epidemic. Malaria is endemic in some areas of Ethiopia, and it also occurs as epidemics due to an increase in the number of cases suddenly at the beginning or end of the wet season.
1.1.3 Prevention and control measures
The health problems due to communicable diseases can be tackled by the application of relatively easy measures at different levels of the health system. Here, we will use some examples at the individual and community levels, which are relevant to your work as a Health Extension Practitioner.
Some measures can be applied before the occurrence of a communicable disease to protect a community from getting it, and to reduce the number of cases locally in the future. These are called prevention measures. For example, vaccination of children with the measles vaccine is a prevention measure, because the vaccine will protect children from getting measles. Vaccination refers to administration of vaccines to increase resistance of a person against infectious diseases.
Once a communicable disease occurs and is identified in an individual, measures can be applied to reduce the severity of the disease in that person, and to prevent transmission of the infectious agent to other members of the community. These are called control measures. For example, once a child becomes infected with measles, treatment helps reduce the severity of the disease, and possibly prevents the child’s death, but at the same time it decreases the risk of transmission to other children in the community. In this context, treatment of measles is considered a control measure.
Later in this Module, you will learn that the widespread use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) is recommended as a prevention measure for malaria, which is transmitted to people by mosquitoes. If you promote the effective use of mosquito nets in your community, how would you expect the number of malaria cases to change over time?
Reveal answer
Next we look at the main ways in which infectious agents are transmitted.
1.2 Factors involved in the transmission of communicable diseases
Transmission is a process in which several events happen one after the other in the form of a chain. Hence, this process is known as a chain of transmission (Figure 1.1). Six major factors can be identified: the infectious agent, the reservoir, the route of exit, the mode of transmission, the route of entry and the susceptible host. We will now consider each of these factors in turn
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