(a) Explain the process of DNA replication with the help of a schematic diagram.
(b) In which phase of the cell cycle does replication occur in Eukaryotes ? Whatwould happen if cell-division is not followed after DNA replication ?
Answers
Answer:
(a) DNA Replication DNA replication is the phenomenon in which a duplicate copy of DNA is synthesised. The steps involved in the process of DNA replication are as follows:
DNA replication occurs in S-phase of the cell cycle. Enzyme involved: DNA polymerase (DNA dependent DNA polymerase) Replication requires energy. Source of energy -Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (DNTPs) DNTPs have dual purposes: act as substrates as well as provide energy Replication initiates at specific regions in DNA called the origin of replication. DNA polymerase polymerises a large number of nucleotides in a very short time. During the course of replication, two parent strands do not completely open, but a small opening forms in which replication occurs. This small opening forms a replication fork. DNA polymerase can polymerise only in one direction. Therefore, replication occurs smoothly in to end of DNA (continuous replication, but occurs discontinuously in to end). The discontinuous fragments so formed are joined by DNA ligase.
(b) DNA replication occurs in S phase of cell cycle in eukaryotes. If cell division is not followed after DNA replication then the replicated chromosomes (DNA) would not be distributed to daughter nuclei. A repeated replication of DNA without any cell division results in the accumulation of DNA inside the cell. This would increase the volume of the cell nucleus, thereby causing cell expansion.
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