A figure given below shows a diagram of a kidney and its associated structures. The table list
the percentage of certain components found within the structures A and B.
In Structure A
Components Concentration %
Urea 0.03
Glucose 0.10
Amino acids 0.05
Salts 0.75
Proteins 8.00
In Structure B
Components Concentration %
Urea 2.00
Glucose 0.00
Amino acids 0.00
Salts 1.50
Proteins 0.00
i. Using only the information given in the tables, deduce the functions of the kidney.
ii. Explain how the proportions of components present in part B would change if a person is
suffering from diabetes mellitus.
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. (i) The urea content is higher in structure B, whereas the concentration of useful components such as glucose is low. This shows that kidney performs the function of filtration. It filters out useful substances, e.g. glucose, amino acids into the blood while throwing out nitrogenous waste, e.g. urea out as urine.
(ii) There would be glucose in B as without insulin, blood glucose would not be turned to glycogen for storage. The kidney attempts to reduce the blood glucose level by excreting it in urine.
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