(a) Give isotopes of hydrogen. (b) Give physical properties of hydrogen. (c) Give chemical properties of hydrogen.
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Answer:
Hydrogen is the smallest chemical element because it consists of only one proton in its nucleus. Its symbol is H, and its atomic number is 1. It has an average atomic weight of 1.0079 amu, making it the lightest element. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe, especially in stars and gas giant planets. However, monoatomic hydrogen is rare on Earth is rare due to its propensity to form covalent bonds with most elements. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a nontoxic, nonmetallic, odorless, tasteless, colorless, and highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2. Hydrogen is also prevalent on Earth in the form of chemical compounds such as hydrocarbons and water.
Hydrogen has one one proton and one electron; the most common isotope, protium (1H), has no neutrons. Hydrogen has a melting point of -259.14 °C and a boiling point of -252.87 °C. Hydrogen has a density of 0.08988 g/L, making it less dense than air. It has two distinct oxidation states, (+1, -1), which make it able to act as both an oxidizing and a reducing agent. Its covalent radius is 31.5 pm.
Hydrogen exists in two different spin isomers of hydrogen diatomic molecules that differ by the relative spin of their nuclei. The orthohydrogen form has parallel spins; the parahydrogen form has antiparallel spins. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen gas consists of 75 percent orthohydrogen and 25 percent parahydrogen. Hydrogen is available in different forms, such as compressed gaseous hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, and slush hydrogen (composed of liquid and solid), as well as solid and metallic forms.
Each isotope comprehends of unique properties. These isotopes are in common used to date. 4H to 7H are nuclei isotopes that are incorporated in the laboratory. One of the least stable isotopes of hydrogen is 7H and the most stable isotope is 5H. The most stable radioisotope of hydrogen is tritium.
At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a nontoxic, nonmetallic, odorless, tasteless, colorless, and highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2.
Hydrogen has a melting point of -259.14 °C and a boiling point of -252.87 °C. Hydrogen has a density of 0.08988 g/L, making it less dense than air. It has two distinct oxidation states, (+1, -1), which make it able to act as both an oxidizing and a reducing agent.