Question

(a) He told her that it was a cold day.
(b) He exclaimed that it was a cold day.
(c) He exclaimed sorrowfully that it was a cold d
(d) He exclaimed that it was a very cold day.
I said to him, "Why are you working so hard?".
(a) I asked him why he was working so hard.
(b) I asked him why was he working so hard.
(c) I asked him why had he been working so hard
(d) I asked him why he had been working so han
He said, "Be quite and listen to my words​

Answer 1

Change the sentences from direct to indirect speech:

1.

He said to her, "What a cold day!"

He exclaimed that it was a very cold day.

2.

• I asked him why he was working so hard.

3.

• He urged them to be quite and listen to his words.

Assimilate:

Direct speech:

• When the actual words of the speaker are quoted. This is called direct speech.

For example:

• He said, "Sita was dancing."
• He proved, "The earth is round."

Indirect speech:

• When we give the substance of what the speaker said, without quoting the exact words. This is called indirect or reported speech.

For example:

• He said that Sita had been dancing.

N.B: The past continuous tense in the reported speech must be changed to the past perfect continuous.

• He proved that the earth is round.

N.B: If the reported speech relates to some universal or habitual facts, the simple present tense in the reported speech remains unchanged.

• When changing the direct speech into indirect, certain grammatical changes have to be made.

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Answer 2

TOPIC:- NARRATION CHANGE

Required answer:-

(a) He said, “What a cold day!”

• He exclaimed that it was a very cold day.

(b) I said to him, “Why are you working so hard?”

• I asked him why he was working so hard.

(c) He said, “Be quite and listen to my words.”

• He commanded to be quite and listen to his words.

Additional information:-

Rules to change direct speech to indirect speech are as follows.

• Quotation marks (“ ”) and comma (,) should be removed.
• Conjunction "that" has to be included if it is a declarative sentence, "to" for imperative sentence and "whether/if" for interrogative sentence.
• It must be written in past tense except in two cases: (a) If it is a general/universal verity. (b) If it's reporting verb is in present/future tense.
• If there is a modal auxiliary, it has to be changed like:

$\begin{gathered}\begin{gathered} \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \footnotesize\begin{gathered} \begin{array}{|c|c|} \underline{\sf \pmb{Direct \: speech}}& \underline{ \sf \pmb{Indirect \: speech}} \\ \sf{May} & \sf{Might} \\ \sf{Must} & \sf{Would \: have \: to} \\ \sf{Can } & \sf{Could} \\ \sf{Should} & \sf{Should} \\ \sf{Might} & \sf{Might} \\ \sf{Could} & \sf{Could} \\ \sf{Would}& \sf{Would} \\ \sf{Ought \: to}& \sf{Ought \: to} \end{array}\end{gathered}\end{gathered}\end{gathered}$

• While undergoing pronominal changes, the following points should be kept in mind. In indirect speech, first person depends on the subject of the reporting speech. Second person pronoun depends on the object of the reporting speech. And third person pronouns remains unchanged.

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