Question

A Hindu View of the Four Castes
Part 1
Read the following English translation of an excerpt from The Code of Manu, a Hindu book of sacred law. Then, answer the questions that follow.
For the sake of the preservation of this entire creation, Purusha, the exceedingly resplendent one, assigned separate duties to the classes which had sprung from his mouth, arms, thighs, and feet.
Teaching, studying, performing sacrificial rites, so too making others perform sacrificial rites, and giving away and receiving gifts—these he assigned to the brahmans.
Protection of the people, giving away of wealth, performance of sacrificial rites, study, and nonattachment to sensual pleasures—these are, in short, the duties of a kshatriya.
Tending of cattle, giving away of wealth, performance of sacrificial rites, study, trade and commerce, . . . and agriculture—these are the occupations of a vaishya.
The Lord has prescribed only one occupation . . . for a shudra; namely, service without malice of . . . these other three classes.
1. Which classes of people were allowed to study? _________________________blank Why?
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2. To which caste would a farmer belong? Explain your answer.
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3. Although people in three classes were allowed to perform sacrificial rites, only those in one class had the authority to preside over others during sacrificial rites. Which class was allowed to preside? Explain your answer.
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4. Who belonged to the Kshatriya caste? Explain your answer.
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5. To which class would someone who washed dishes in a nobleman’s house belong? Explain your answer.
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The following questions are not based on the text above. Refer to your textbook if you need help.
6. Who invaded the Indian subcontinent and developed the caste system?
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7. Eventually, a large fifth class was added at the bottom of the caste system. What was the name of the class and how did the people in the other classes regard them?
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Part 2
1. Label each part of the pyramid below with the names of the five social classes. Put the highest caste at the top of the pyramid and arrange the other castes in descending order below.

2. Which caste or group made up the largest proportion of the population?
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3. Which caste or group made up the smallest proportion of the population?
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4. The caste system was officially outlawed in India in 1955. How do you think the caste system has affected modern India? What problems might it have caused?
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Answer 1

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