Question

a. How is first aid provided to victims
of disasters who are injured?
How is first aid provided to victims of disasters who are injured?​

Answer 1

Answer:

The following first aid should be provided to victims of disasters:

Airway:If a person faces difficulty in breathing, raise the chin or hold the head in a backward sloping position, so as to keep the respiratory passage open.

Breathing: If the person has stopped breathing, give artificial respiration mouth to mouth.

Circulation: If the person is unconscious, first give mouth to mouth respiration. If the person doesn't revive, perform CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) by pressing the heart hard using both palms. Repeat these two steps alternately after every 15 minutes.

Bleeding: Cover the wound with an antiseptic pad and apply pressure for 5 minutes using thumb or palm.

Fracture: Immobilise the fractured part using any wooden rods, rulers, etc.

Burns: Hold the burned part under cold and flowing water for at least 10 minutes.

Sprain, Twisting and Contusion: Let the person rest, apply an ice pack on the injured area, then massage it gently and keep the affected area elevated.

Answer 2

Answer:

1. When the victims are injured in a disaster, then the help rendered to him or her before the medical doctor arrives, is called first aid. It is done with the intention of saving a life.
2. The three main measures which may save the lives are airway, breathing, circulation i.e, ABC of first aid. These are also called basic principles of first aid.

(A) Airway : When there is difficulty in breathing, the head of the victim is held in a backward sloping position or the chin is raised. This makes the respiratory passage open. Therefore, it is called airway.

(B) Breathing : On the storage of breathing the victim is given artificial ventilation by mouth to mouth resuscitation.

(C) Circulation : When the victim is unconscious, and mouth to mouth respiration is not successful then CPR or cardiopulmonary resuscitation is given. In this the heart should be pressed by putting actions are pressure on the cheast with both the palms. These two actions are repeated alternately 15 times. CPR helps to bring the circulation back to normal.

3. Where there is bleeding, efforts should be made to stop it. With antiseptic bad the wounds should be covered with light pressure.

4. When there is a fracture, the fractured part should be immobilized. The patient should be moved with the help of firm strecher by keeping him/her immobile as far as possible.

5. In case of burn injuries, the burnt part should be kept under clean and cold flowing water.