A hydrogentaion with molecular formula of c7h12
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A molecule of molecular formula C7H12 has four fewer hydrogens than the corresponding alkane. It has an index of hydrogen defciency of 2 and can have two rings, two
double bonds, one ring and one double bond, or one triple bond.
What about substances other than hydrocarbons, 1-heptanol [CH3(CH2)5CH2OH], for
example? Its molecular formula (C7H16O) contains the same carbon-to-hydrogen ratio as
heptane and, like heptane, it has no double bonds or rings. Cyclopropyl acetate (C5H8O2),
the structure of which was given at the beginning of this section, has one ring and one
double bond and an index of hydrogen defciency of 2. Oxygen atoms have no effect on the
index of hydrogen defciency.
A halogen substituent, like hydrogen, is monovalent and when present in a molecular
formula is treated as if it were hydrogen for counting purposes. If a nitrogen is present, one
hydrogen is taken away from the formula. For example, C5H11N is treated as C5H10 when
calculating the index of hydrogen defciency.
How does one distinguish between rings and double bonds? This additional piece
of information comes from catalytic hydrogenation experiments in which the amount of
hydrogen consumed is measured exactly. Each of a molecule’s double bonds consumes one
molar equivalent of hydrogen, but rings are unaffected. For example, a substance with a
hydrogen defciency of 5 that takes up 3 mol of hydrogen must have two ring
double bonds, one ring and one double bond, or one triple bond.
What about substances other than hydrocarbons, 1-heptanol [CH3(CH2)5CH2OH], for
example? Its molecular formula (C7H16O) contains the same carbon-to-hydrogen ratio as
heptane and, like heptane, it has no double bonds or rings. Cyclopropyl acetate (C5H8O2),
the structure of which was given at the beginning of this section, has one ring and one
double bond and an index of hydrogen defciency of 2. Oxygen atoms have no effect on the
index of hydrogen defciency.
A halogen substituent, like hydrogen, is monovalent and when present in a molecular
formula is treated as if it were hydrogen for counting purposes. If a nitrogen is present, one
hydrogen is taken away from the formula. For example, C5H11N is treated as C5H10 when
calculating the index of hydrogen defciency.
How does one distinguish between rings and double bonds? This additional piece
of information comes from catalytic hydrogenation experiments in which the amount of
hydrogen consumed is measured exactly. Each of a molecule’s double bonds consumes one
molar equivalent of hydrogen, but rings are unaffected. For example, a substance with a
hydrogen defciency of 5 that takes up 3 mol of hydrogen must have two ring
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