(a) Identify both the cellular component and the location of the component that is responsible for producing the luciferase protein from mRNAs transcribed in the plasmid-containing T lymphocytes. Explain what dictates to the lymphocytes the correct order in which amino acids should be linked to form the luciferase protein.
Answers
Answer:
Genes that provide instructions for proteins are expressed in a two-step process.
In transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is "rewritten" using RNA nucleotides. In eukaryotes, the RNA must go through additional processing steps to become a messenger RNA, or mRNA.
In translation, the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA is "translated" into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit).
Cells decode mRNAs by reading their nucleotides in groups of three, called codons. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid, or, in some cases, provides a "stop" signal that ends translation. In addition, the codon AUG has a special role, serving as the start codon where translation begins. The complete set of correspondences between codons and amino acids (or stop signals) is known as the genetic code.
Answer:
The luciferase mRNA is translated to its corresponding protein in the ribosome which is present in the cytoplasm of the cell, in this case it was an enzyme for fireflies. In the cytoplasm, the chain of ribosome sits on the mRNA and forms a structure known as a polymerase. These help synthesize long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. This polymerase is used to pair the strands and proofread the strands to make sure they are correct, and won't cause a mutation.
Explanation: