(a) Iltutmish
(b) Chahalgani
(c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
(d) Ariz-i-mumalik
(e) Kharaj
explain on all these 5
Answers
Shams ud-Din Iltutmish, (r. 1211–1236) was the third of the Mamluk kings who ruled the former Ghurid territories in northern India. He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi, and is thus considered the effective founder of the Delhi Sultanate.
Shams-ud-Din Iltutmish
Sultan
The Chahalgani, known as 'Group of 40' was an infamous cartel formed by 40 most powerful people of Delhi Sultanate,many of them were slaves in their early lives,who were bought by Iltutmish,one of the prominent Sultans of Slave dynasty.
Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1309 – 20 September 1388) was a Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388. ... Tughlaq was forced by rebellions to concede virtual independence to Bengal and other provinces. He established Sharia across his realm.
ARIZ-I-MUMALIK. The official during the sultanate responsible for the administration of the army, including recruiting, payment of salaries, supplies, and transportation. The office was similar to that of the mir bakshi under the Mughals.
The kharaj was a land tax that was originally paid only by non-Muslims, whereas Muslims had to pay the 'ushr -- a religious tithe. Eventually however, the term kharaj comes to describe any tax paid to the Muslim authorities.
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